The financial data of some listed companies is not transparent enough, especially in financial-related management and program planning. In addition to legal and ethical constraints, with the continuous upgrading of blockchain technology, it is possible to explore the use of blockchain technology to lower the threshold for a certain number of investors to participate in corporate financial governance. Jointly supervising the capital flow of listed companies can ensure the safety of funds and improve the efficiency of capital use, thereby solving the problem of financial fraud of listed companies to a certain extent. The four core features of blockchain technology include decentralized distributed ledgers, consensus mechanisms, asymmetric encryption, and smart contracts. Exploring the feasibility and embedding path of chain technology in the capital supervision of listed companies will help to solve this problem. The integrated application of blockchain technology plays an important role in new technology innovation and industrial transformation. According to the unique technical characteristics of blockchain technology such as decentralization, nontampering, and traceability, combined with its application scenarios in the accounting field, it is hoped to use blockchain technology to solve problems such as information asymmetry and easy tampering of financial amounts from the source. Therefore, effective analysis can reduce the occurrence of financial fraud and fraud in listed companies, and blockchain technology has become a new way to prevent financial fraud in listed companies. This paper analyzes the classification and basic characteristics of blockchain, and studies the access mechanism and voting rules of candidate nodes based on the private chain architecture of the Raft distributed protocol to ensure the authenticity and real-time of financial information of listed companies and financial decisions. Improving the difficulty of financial fraud can provide good social and economic benefits.