Synergy of oxygen and a piranha solution for eco-friendly production of highly conductive graphene dispersions

Savaram, Keerthi; Kalyanikar, Malathi; Patel, Mehulkumar; Brukh, Roman; Flach, Carol R.; Huang, Ruiming; Khoshi, M. Reza; Mendelsohn, Richard; Wang, Andrew; Garfunkel, Eric; He, Huixin

doi:10.1039/c4gc01752h

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The NCs can be dispersed in a mixed solution of H 2 O 2 and H 2 SO 4 followed with mechanical stirring. According to literatures, the strong oxidizing capability stems from the highly reactive atomic oxygen generated from H 2 O 2 with the existence of H 2 SO 4 . The atomic oxygen will attack the CC bonds in the backbone of PVP molecule, and break the long chain into short molecular pieces that can easily dissolve into the solution .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tungsten‐Doping‐Induced Surface Reconstruction of Porous Ternary Pt‐Based Alloy Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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Surface engineering has been found to be effective in promoting the catalytic activities of noble-metal-based nanocatalysts. In this contribution, by using the PtCu x Ni ternary alloy nanocrystal (NC) as the model catalyst, a surface tungsten(W)-doping strategy, combining a surface oxidative acid treatment protocol, can effectively boost the electrocatalytic activities of the NCs in oxygen reduction reaction. The W-doped PtCu x Ni alloy catalysts show obvious enhancement in electrochemical surface area and mass activity and slightly enhanced specific activity compared with the undoped catalyst. Based on the experimental evidence, it is proposed that the W doping involves a surface reconstruction by first removing the surface Pt atoms from the NC and then reducing them back to the surface. The existence of surface Ni atoms may be crucial in promoting the catalytic activities possibly through their electronic interactions to the active sites. The durability of the W-doped PtCu x Ni catalysts is also enhanced possibly due to the pinning effect of surface W atoms. Therefore, the surface engineering of PtCu x Ni ternary alloy by W atoms can effectively modulate its activity and durability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tungsten‐Doping‐Induced Surface Reconstruction of Porous Ternary Pt‐Based Alloy Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction

Chen

Zhu

et al. 2019

Adv Funct Materials

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“…Then, 20 g of joss fly ash was mixed in the prepared H 2 SO 4 acid solution. The above pretreatment with a mildly acidic solution was performed to remove carbon and other toxic materials from the ash [13][14][15][16][17] . The mixture was stirred for 2 hours at 45 °C on a heating plate.…”

Section: Acidic Treatment Of Joss Fly Ashmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aluminosilicate Nanocomposites from Incinerated Chinese Holy Joss Fly Ash: A Potential Nanocarrier for Drug Cargos

Ramanathan

Gopinath

Arshad

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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An incredible amount of joss fly ash is produced from the burning of Chinese holy joss paper; thus, an excellent method of recycling joss fly ash waste to extract aluminosilicate nanocomposites is explored. The present research aims to introduce a novel method to recycle joss fly ash through a simple and straightforward experimental procedure involving acidic and alkaline treatments. The synthesized aluminosilicate nanocomposite was characterized to justify its structural and physiochemical characteristics. A morphological analysis was performed with field-emission transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy revealed the size of the aluminosilicate nanocomposite to be ~25 nm, while also confirming a uniformly spherical-shaped nanostructure. The elemental composition was measured by energy dispersive spectroscopy and revealed the Si to Al ratio to be 13.24 to 7.96, showing the high purity of the extracted nanocomposite. The roughness and particle distribution were analyzed using atomic force microscopy and a zeta analysis. X-ray diffraction patterns showed a synthesis of faceted and cubic aluminosilicate crystals in the nanocomposites. The presence of silica and aluminum was further proven by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the functional groups were recognized through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The thermal capacity of the nanocomposite was examined by a thermogravimetric analysis. In addition, the research suggested the promising application of aluminosilicate nanocomposites as drug carriers. The above was justified by an enzyme-linked apta-sorbent assay, which claimed that the limit of the aptasensing aluminosilicateconjugated ampicillin was twofold higher than that in the absence of the nanocomposite. The drug delivery property was further justified through an antibacterial analysis against Escherichia coli (gramnegative) and Bacillus subtilis (gram-positive). An increasing amount of fly ash is being produced at an alarming rate throughout the world, and it is not a simple subject to be neglected. More than 90 million tons of fly ash are being produced annually in India, China and the USA and ~50,000 acres of land are used for ash ponds 1. Apart from coal combustion in thermal power plants, joss paper fly ash also shows a significant contribution toward tremendous fly ash accumulation. Joss paper has been used since the time of the six dynasties, and it is widely burned by the Chinese population during their festivals and funerals as a notable tradition. An estimated 90,000 to 220,000 tons of joss paper is burned each year. Although the exact figure has not been identified, it is one of the main causes of air pollution, predominantly in China and Taiwan. Efforts toward the invention of ecofriendly burning furnaces with high-efficiency incinerators, to reduce the release of heavy metals from fly ash, are not disregarded but have never met the expected objective 2,3. Several efforts have been shown for the disposal or recycling of joss fly ash. The consumption of fly ash...

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“…For example, a short-term exposure to DMF has been observed to damage the liver in animals and in humans. 40 Savaram et al 41 reported an eco-friendly method for the preparation of graphene avoiding the use of chemical oxidants and reductants. Although some success was achieved, the method proposed, however, required multi-steps and used the SO 4 2− -graphite intercalation compound as the carbon source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the whole process is time-consuming and may take several days to be completed. 41 Exfoliation of graphite may also be achieved by applying a potential to graphite feed materials immersed in an electrolyte. In most of these methods, the graphite feed material immersed in a room temperature electrolyte is connected to the positive pole of a power source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco-friendly production of high quality low cost graphene and its application in lithium ion batteries

Kamali

2016

Green Chem.

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Synergy of oxygen and a piranha solution for eco-friendly production of highly conductive graphene dispersions

Abstract: An ecofriendly approach for graphene fabrication is developed, where no toxic and metal containing compounds were used and no toxic byproducts were generated.

Cited by 29 publications

References 64 publications

Tungsten‐Doping‐Induced Surface Reconstruction of Porous Ternary Pt‐Based Alloy Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction

Tungsten‐Doping‐Induced Surface Reconstruction of Porous Ternary Pt‐Based Alloy Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction

Aluminosilicate Nanocomposites from Incinerated Chinese Holy Joss Fly Ash: A Potential Nanocarrier for Drug Cargos

Eco-friendly production of high quality low cost graphene and its application in lithium ion batteries

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