Syngonanthus nitens (Bong.) Ruhland Derivatives Loaded into a Lipid Nanoemulsion for Enhanced Antifungal Activity Against Candida parapsilosis

Abstract

<jats:sec> <jats:title>Background:</jats:title> <jats:p>Vaginal infections caused by non-albicans species have become common in women of all age groups. The resistance of species such as Candida parapsilosis to the various antifungal agents is a risk factor attributed to these types of infections, which instigates the search for new sources of active compounds in vulvovaginal candidiasis (VCC) therapy.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Objective:</jats:title> <jats:p>This study evaluated the antifungal activity of Syngonanthus nitens Bong. (Ruhland) derivatives and employed a lipid nanoemulsion as a delivery system.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Methods:</jats:title> <jats:p>In this study, a lipid nanoemulsion was employed as a delivery system composed of Cholesterol (10%), soybean phosphatidylcholine: Brij 58 (1: 2) and PBS (pH 7.4) with the addition of 0.5% of a chitosan dispersion (80%), and evaluated the antifungal activity of S. nitens Bong. (Ruhland) derivatives against planktonic cells and biofilms of Candida parapsilosis. By a biomonitoring fractionation, the crude extract (EXT) and one fraction (F2) were selected and incorporated into a lipid nanoemulsion (NL) composed of cholesterol (10%), a 1:2 mixture of soybean phosphatidylcholine:polyoxyethylene -20- cetyl ether (10%), and phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) with a 0.5% chitosan dispersion (80%). The NL presented a diameter size between 50-200 nm, pseudoplastic behavior, and positive charge. The EXT and five fractions were active against planktonic cells.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Results and Discussion:</jats:title> <jats:p>The incorporation of EXT and F2 into the NL increased antifungal activity and enhanced the anti-biofilm potential. This study classified the use of an NL as an important tool for the administration of S. nitens derivatives in cases of infections caused by this C. parapsisilosis.</jats:p> </jats:sec> <jats:sec> <jats:title>Conclusion:</jats:title> <jats:p>This work concluded that S. nitens derivatives were important sources of active molecules against C. parapsilosis and the use of a lipid nanoemulsion was an important tool to promote more effective F2 release and to improve the antifungal activity aiming the control of C. parapsilosis infections.</jats:p> </jats:sec>

Drug Delivery Nanosystems in Glioblastoma Multiforme Treatment: Current State of the Art

“…The main differences between them are related to their free energy. NE isis produced under energy supply because they are kinetically stable while ME is thermodynamic stable and formed spontaneously [ 32 - 36 ]. They are considered to be used as DDN to target molecules across the BBB to tumor cells owing to their stability, sustained release, and permeability through biological barriers [ 37 - 39 ].…”

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Formation and Treatment of Mixed Biofilm In Vitro

“…However, low solubility and instability allow chalcones to be incorporated into drug delivery systems to increase bioavailability, increase antimicrobial properties, and minimize the collateral effects ( Talluri et al., 2016 ; Medina-Alarcón et al., 2017a ; Yonashiro Marcelino et al., 2018 ). Among systems for chalcone release, nanoemulsions (NE) are widely used to improve their physicochemical properties ( Čerpnjak et al., 2013 ; Kalepu et al., 2013 ; C. de Lima et al., 2020 ).…”