Synoptic‐scale transport of reactive nitrogen over the western Pacific in spring

Miyazaki, Y.; Kondo, Yutaka; Koike, M.; Fuelberg, Henry E.; Kiley, Christopher M.; Kita, K.; Takegawa, N.; Sachse, G. W.; Flocke, Frank; Weinheimer, A. J.; Singh, H. B.; Eisele, F. L.; Zondlo, M. A.; Talbot, R. W.; Sandholm, S. T.; Avery, M. A.; Blake, D. R.

doi:10.1029/2002jd003248

Cited by 79 publications

(122 citation statements)

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“…Many previous studies have used CO as a tracer to examine the patterns and mechanisms of Asian outflow to the Pacific, and much of the attention has thus far been paid to springtime (Liu et al, 2003;Fuelburg et al, 2003;Liang et al, 2004Liang et al, , 2005Liang et al, , 2007Miyazaki et al, 2003;Koile et al, 2003;Holzer et al, 2005). They found that the major process responsible for the export of Asian anthropogenic pollution to the western Pacific during spring is frontal lifting to the free troposphere (FT) ahead of southeastward-moving cold fronts and transport in the boundary layer (BL) behind the cold front.…”

Section: China Outflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The deeper convection in summer bringing CO to higher altitudes with more efficient export is the important factor for higher export efficiency in summer. Miyazaki et al (2003) and Koike et al (2003) studied the export of anthropogenic reactive nitrogen and sulfur compounds from the East Asia region and the synoptic-scale transport mechanisms of the two chemical species over the western pacific in spring. Specifically, they calculated quantitatively the export efficiency of NO y and SO x using the P-3B and DC-8 aircraft observation data over the western Pacific during the TRACE-P campaign.…”

Section: Spring (Mam)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many previous studies have examined the mechanisms controlling the outflow of CO from Asia to the NW Pacific in springtime, the season with maximum export fluxes (Liu et al, 2003;Fuelberg et al, 2003;Liang et al, 2004Liang et al, , 2005Liang et al, , 2007Miyazaki et al, 2003;Koile et al, 2003;Holzer et al, 2005). Liang et al (2004Liang et al ( , 2005Liang et al ( , 2007 and Koile et al (2003) have studied the pollution and outflow from East Asia in summertime.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Through detailed analysis of improvements in CO simulations that were simply the consequences of increasing the spatial resolutions, Wang et al (2004a) found that the higher-resolution model allowed for more efficient, advection-related ventilation of the lower atmosphere, reflecting the significance of localized regions of intense upward motion not resolved in the coarserresolution simulation. The nested-grid GEOS-Chem model has been employed in a variety of applications for East Asia (Wang et al, 2004a(Wang et al, , 2004b, North America (Fiore et al, 2006;Li et al, 2006;Park et al, 2006), and Europe. However, even the higher resolution of 1 • ×1 • is still too coarse to address concerns relating to regional-scale air quality over complex terrains or in regions characterized by complex patterns of emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional CO pollution and export in China simulated by the high-resolution nested-grid GEOS-Chem model

et al. 2009

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Abstract. An updated version of the nested-grid GEOSChem model is developed allowing for higher horizontal (0.5 • ×0.667 • ) resolution as compared to global models. CO transport over a heavily polluted region, the Beijing-TianjinHebei (BTH) city cluster in China, and the pattern of outflow from East China in summertime are investigated. Comparison of the nested-grid with global models indicates that the fine-resolution nested-grid model is capable of resolving individual cities with high associated emission intensities. The nested-grid model indicates the presence of a high CO column density over the Sichuan Basin in summer, attributable to the low-level stationary vortex associated with the Basin's topographical features. The nested-grid model provides good agreement also with measurements from a suburban monitoring site in Beijing during summer 2005. Tagged CO simulation results suggest that regional emissions make significant contributions to elevated CO levels over Beijing on polluted days and that the southeastward moving cyclones bringing northwest winds to Beijing are the key meteorological mechanisms responsible for dispersion of pollution over Beijing in summer. Overall CO fluxes to the NW Pacific from Asia are found to decrease by a factor of 3-4 from spring to summer. Much of the seasonal change is driven by decreasing fluxes from India and Southeast Asia in summer, while fluxes from East China are only 30% lower in summer than in spring. Compared to spring, summertime outflow from Chinese source regions is strongest at higher latitudes (north of 35 • N). The deeper convection in summer transporting CO to higher altitudes where export is more efficient is largely responsible for enhanced export in summer.

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Section: China Outflowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spring (Mam)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Regional CO pollution and export in China simulated by the high-resolution nested-grid GEOS-Chem model

et al. 2009

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“…Model simulations showed that the PSEA biomass-burning pollutants were lifted from the surface near their source region by deep convection. These pollutants were then transported along the warm conveyor belts ahead of cold fronts to the northwestern Pacific at altitudes above 2 km (Carmichael et al, 2003;Liu et al, 2003;Miyazaki et al, 2003;Lin et al, 2009).…”

Section: Y Jian and T-m Fu: Injection Heights Of Springtime Biomasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Injection heights of springtime biomass-burning plumes over peninsular Southeast Asia and their impacts on long-range pollutant transport

Yuan

2014

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. We analyzed observations from the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) to determine the injection heights of biomass-burning smoke plumes over peninsular Southeast Asia (PSEA, here defined as Vietnam, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos, and Myanmar) in the spring, with the goal of evaluating the impacts on long-range pollutant transport. We retrieved the heights of 22 000 MISR smoke pixels from 607 smoke plumes over PSEA during February to April of the years 2001-2010. Forty-five percent of the analyzed smoke pixels were above the local mean boundary layer (1 km) at MISR overpass time (10:30 a.m. local time). We used the GEOS-Chem model to simulate the transport of PSEA biomass-burning pollutants in March 2001. On a monthly mean basis, we found that the direct injection of 40 % of the PSEA biomass-burning emissions had little impact on the long-range transport of CO to downwind regions, compared to a control simulation where all biomass-burning emissions were released in the boundary layer. This was because CO at the surface over PSEA was efficiently lifted into the free troposphere by deep convection associated with synoptic-scale weather systems. For pollutants with lifetimes shorter than the synoptic timescale, such as black carbon aerosol (BC), their long-range transport was much more sensitive to the initial plume injection height. The direct injection of NO x from PSEA biomass burning into the free troposphere drove increased formation and transport of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), which in turn led to a small increase in ozone over downwind southern China and the northwestern Pacific. The Pacific subtropical high transported BC emitted from PSEA biomass burning to the marine boundary layer over the tropical northwestern Pacific. We compared our model results to aircraft measurements over the northwestern Pacific during the TRACE-P campaign (March 2001). The direct injection of 40 % of the PSEA biomass-burning pollutants into the free troposphere in the model led to a more pronounced BC peak at 3 km over the northwestern Pacific. Our analysis highlights the point that the injection heights of smoke plumes presents great uncertainty over the interpretation of BC measurements downwind of biomass-burning regions.

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Vertical transport mechanisms of black carbon over East Asia in spring during the A‐FORCE aircraft campaign

Oshima¹,

Koike

Kondo

et al. 2013

JGR Atmospheres

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Mechanisms of vertical transport of black carbon (BC) aerosols and their three‐dimensional transport pathways over East Asia in spring were examined through numerical simulations for the Aerosol Radiative Forcing in East Asia (A‐FORCE) aircraft campaign in March–April 2009 using a modified version of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. The simulations reproduced the spatial distributions of mass concentration of BC and its transport efficiency observed by the A‐FORCE campaign reasonably well, including its vertical and latitudinal gradients and dependency on precipitation amount that air parcels experienced during the transport. During the A‐FORCE period, two types of pronounced upward BC mass fluxes from the planetary boundary layer (PBL) to the free troposphere were found over northeastern and inland‐southern China. Over northeastern China, cyclones with modest precipitation were the primary uplifting mechanism of BC. Over inland‐southern China, both cumulus convection and orographic uplifting along the slopes of the Tibetan Plateau played important roles in the upward transport of BC, despite its efficient wet deposition due to a large amount of precipitation supported by an abundant moisture supply by the low‐level southerlies. In addition to the midlatitude (35–45°N) eastward outflow within the PBL (21% BC removal by precipitation during transport), the uplifting of BC over northeastern and inland‐southern China and the subsequent BC transport by the midlatitude lower tropospheric (50% BC removal) and subtropical (25–35°N) midtropospheric westerlies (67% BC removal), respectively, provided the major transport pathways for BC export from continental East Asia to the Pacific.

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Synoptic‐scale transport of reactive nitrogen over the western Pacific in spring

Cited by 79 publications

References 50 publications

Regional CO pollution and export in China simulated by the high-resolution nested-grid GEOS-Chem model

Regional CO pollution and export in China simulated by the high-resolution nested-grid GEOS-Chem model

Injection heights of springtime biomass-burning plumes over peninsular Southeast Asia and their impacts on long-range pollutant transport

Vertical transport mechanisms of black carbon over East Asia in spring during the A‐FORCE aircraft campaign

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