Synoptic weather conditions during the pilot study of Bay of Bengal and Monsoon Experiment (BOBMEX)

Kalsi, S. R.

doi:10.1007/bf02702194

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…During BOBMEX, both active and weak phases of convection were encountered (Bhat et al 2001). October-November is a favorable time for the formation of tropical cyclones over the Bay of Bengal, and convection was active in and around the study area during the PI-LOT experiment (Kalsi 2000). Thus, the three experiments covered three different climatic conditions over the north Indian Ocean.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Air–Sea Fluxes over the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal

Bhat¹

2003

J. Climate

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Atmospheric and oceanic data were collected in 1998 and 1999 over the tropical Indian Ocean during three cruises of the Indian research vessel Sagar Kanya, covering different geographic locations and seasons, including boreal winter, peak monsoon, and postmonsoon periods. The present study is mainly based on the measurements made during the three cruises. It is found that there are important differences in the near-surface characteristics during monsoon and other seasons. The largest variations in the net surface heat flux occurred during the monsoon period. The specific humidity difference between sea surface and air at 10-m height shows a strong seasonal dependence, with the lowest values observed during the monsoon period. An important finding from the ship observations is that, at a given SST, the surface air over the Indian Ocean is much warmer compared to that over other tropical oceans and the west Pacific warm pool in particular.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Air–Sea Fluxes over the Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal

Bhat¹

2003

J. Climate

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“…Observations indicated an outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) with strong convection-a minimum of 135 W m Ϫ2 to the west of the depression center-and high values of OLR were also observed from the south and central bay. The deep depression weakened into a low pressure system on 30 July over central India (northwest Madhya Pradesh) and continued to move west-northwest to further weaken over the desert region of Rajasthan on 3 August 1999 (Kalsi 2000). The Indian National Satellite (INSAT) infrared (IR) imagery over the Bay of Bengal on 0900 UTC 27 July 1999 is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impacts of Indirect Soil Moisture Assimilation and Direct Surface Temperature and Humidity Assimilation on a Mesoscale Model Simulation of an Indian Monsoon Depression

Vinodkumar

Chandrasekar

Alapaty

et al. 2008

J. Appl. Meteor. Climatol.

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This study investigates the impact of the Flux-Adjusting Surface Data Assimilation System (FASDAS) and the four-dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) using analysis nudging on the simulation of a monsoon depression that formed over India during the 1999 Bay of Bengal Monsoon Experiment (BOBMEX) field campaign. FASDAS allows for the indirect assimilation/adjustment of soil moisture and soil temperature together with continuous direct surface data assimilation of surface temperature and surface humidity. Two additional numerical experiments [control (CTRL) and FDDA] were conducted to assess the relative improvements to the simulation by FASDAS. To improve the initial analysis for the FDDA and the surface data assimilation (SDA) runs, the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) simulation utilized the humidity and temperature profiles from the NOAA Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS) Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS), surface winds from the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT), and the conventional meteorological upper-air (radiosonde/rawinsonde, pilot balloon) and surface data. The results from the three simulations are compared with each other as well as with NCEP–NCAR reanalysis, the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), and the special buoy, ship, and radiosonde observations available during BOBMEX. As compared with the CTRL, the FASDAS and the FDDA runs resulted in (i) a relatively better-developed cyclonic circulation and (ii) a larger spatial area as well as increased rainfall amounts over the coastal regions after landfall. The FASDAS run showed a consistently improved model simulation performance in terms of reduced rms errors of surface humidity and surface temperature as compared with the CTRL and the FDDA runs.

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