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Results and DiscussionThe target complexes ( Fig. 1) include three strongly absorbing and equivalent chromophores, in which there is meta or para-sulfonic acid substituent in the phenyl ring of the phosphinate moiety. The sulfonation of this position was not expected to perturb the chromophore characteristics significantly, as the phosphorus oxygen bond and the aryl groups to which it is attached are not strongly conjugated, unlike a trigonal amide or carboxylate substituent.Previous X-ray analysis studies of these phenylphosphinate lanthanide complexes have revealed that the phenyl rings are oriented in the same direction, away from the plane of the 9-N 3 ring, and with the same relative configuration at phosphorus. 13,15,16 These structural studies also confirmed that the phosphorus-oxygen double bond lies out of the plane of the aryl rings. A simple retrosynthetic analysis suggests the intermediacy of a 2,4,6-trisubstituted pyridine, with a 4-Br group, allowing a Sonogashira coupling reaction to an arylalkyne in a final ligand assembly step. the P centres respectively, as deduced by X-ray and CD studies on related systems. [13][14][15][16] OBC 2014 Delbianco 3In order to form the C-P bond, a palladium-catalysed reaction was envisaged, allowing insertion of a 2-pyridyl group into the P-H bond of a phenylphosphinic ester, bearing a suitably protected sulfonate group. Following the studies of Miller, 6a the behaviour of the trifluoroethyl and phenylsulfonate esters as protecting groups for the sulfonic acid moiety was examined; each ester was derived from 3 or 4-bromo-phenylsulfonyl chloride (Scheme 1).Palladium-catalysed coupling between the aryl bromide and anilinium hypophosphite proceeded in 70% yield for the trifluoroethyl ester, but failed with the phenyl ester, probably due to competitive insertion into the O-Ph bond. In this reaction, the added aminopropyltriethoxysilane serves as a base in the Pd-catalysed reaction, and enables the esterification of the phosphinic acid in situ. 17-19
Scheme 1The di-esters 3 and 4 were used in coupling reactions with 2-bromo-4-nitro-6-methyl pyridine in degassed toluene using Cl 2 Pd[bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene] as the catalyst to give the phosphinate esters 5 and 6 (Scheme 2). Bromination with neat acetyl bromide followed by reesterification of the phosphinic acid group with HC(OEt) 3 allowed the isolation of intermediates 7 and 8 in 77 and 81 % yield respectively. Treatme...