Synthesis and acid catalysis of zeolite-templated microporous carbons with SO3H groups

Abstract

Microporous carbon catalysts with large surface areas (800-1100 m(2) g(-1)) and high densities of SO3H groups (ca. 1.1 mmol g(-1)) were synthesized by sulfonation of zeolite-templated microporous carbon. The resulting SO3H-bearing microporous carbon catalysts exhibited higher catalytic performance for the hydrolysis of cellobiose and the Beckmann rearrangement than conventional solid acid catalysts and non-porous amorphous carbon with SO3H groups. The high catalytic activity of these reusable heterogeneous catalysts can be attributed to the high surface area and microporous structure, which enhance the efficient incorporation and diffusion of reactant molecules from solution to the SO3H groups on the catalysts.

Widely used catalysts in biodiesel production: a review

“…350 The functionalized acidic carbons from inexpensive sources, including natural organic carbon matter (such as sugars, carbohydrates, cellulosic materials, and lignin), have been achieved by several researchers. 341,[351][352][353] Besides this, agro waste such as husk, straw, seed cover, cow manure, corn cob, 342,343,354,355 carbonaceous waste from industries (char, oil pitch, coke, glycerol) 346,348,356,357 and polymer resins 349,358,359 were also used. Various carbon supports (e.g., zeolite-templated carbons, mesoporous carbons, active carbon) 352,353,360,361 and more recently nanostructured carbons (such as graphene, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and carbon dots) 362-367 have been exploited for the same purpose.…”

Well-Shaped Sulfonic Organosilica Nanotubes with High Activity for Hydrolysis of Cellobiose

“…As to SO 3 H 0.3 -Et-SNT and SO 3 H 0.3 -Ph-SNT, conversions reached to 87% and 92%, which were the highest among all the catalysts, suggesting that higher acid density is beneficial to the hydrolysis reaction. Apart from high conversions, SO 3 H x -Et-SNT and SO 3 H x -Ph-SNT can give at least 89% glucose selectivity within two hours, which is generally higher than other reported results [26,27]. Figure S6 shows the liquid chromatography spectra of the reactant and product at the different reaction time using SO 3 H 0.3 -Ph-SNT as catalyst, indicating that almost no by-products were formed besides glucose.…”

Polymer-Based Shaping Strategy for Zeolite Templated Carbons (ZTC) and Their Metal Organic Framework (MOF) Composites for Improved Hydrogen Storage Properties

“…The weak broad band in the ranges of 1,000-1,400 cm −1 for the ZTC sample was also observed by Nishihara et al (2009) and can be attributed to C-O stretch. At the high carbonization temperature of 900 • C, during chemical vapor decomposition process, phenolic OH groups are completely decomposed and hence the absence of the typical broad band in the range of 3,200-3,400 cm −1 in the pristine ZTC (Fukuhara et al, 2013). On the other hand, the effect of PIM-1 on the composites (PIM-1/80 wt% UiO-66(Zr) and PIM-1/UiO-66(Zr)/ZTC (80 wt%)) was found to be minimal and the expected PIM-1 peaks were masked by the prominence of UiO-66(Zr) peaks.…”