Widely used catalysts in biodiesel production: a review

Changmai, Bishwajit; Vanlalveni, Chhangte; Ingle, Avinash P.; Bhagat, Rahul; Rokhum, Samuel Lalthazuala

doi:10.1039/d0ra07931f

Cited by 237 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 417 publications

(299 reference statements)

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“…According to Changmai et al [17] , the use of heterogeneous acid catalysts may be considered a viable alternative to reduce the costs of biodiesel production. Heterogeneous acid catalysts have advantages related to their easy separation of products [18] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper molybdate synthesized by sonochemistry route at room temperature as an efficient solid catalyst for esterification of oleic acid

Silva

Nobre

Freitas

et al. 2021

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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Highlights Easy obtention of Cu 3 (MoO 4 ) 2 (OH) 2 by sonochemistry route at room temperature. Urchin-like morphology was obtained in aqueous solution using the sonochemistry method for copper molybdate. High conversion rate in the esterification of oleic acid using the Cu 3 (MoO 4 ) 2 (OH) 2 as a solid catalyst.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper molybdate synthesized by sonochemistry route at room temperature as an efficient solid catalyst for esterification of oleic acid

Silva

Nobre

Freitas

et al. 2021

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

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“…Nanotechnology enables scientists to manipulate and produce new materials with specific physicochemical characteristics [107][108][109]. Hence, a new promising method to overcome the challenge of mass transfer depends on nanotechnology.…”

Section: Nano-heterogeneous Catalysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Current State and Perspectives on Transesterification of Triglycerides for Biodiesel Production

Salaheldeen

Mariod²,

Aroua

et al. 2021

Catalysts

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Triglycerides are the main constituents of lipids, which are the fatty acids of glycerol. Natural organic triglycerides (viz. virgin vegetable oils, recycled cooking oils, and animal fats) are the main sources for biodiesel production. Biodiesel (mono alkyl esters) is the most attractive alternative fuel to diesel, with numerous environmental advantages over petroleum-based fuel. The most practicable method for converting triglycerides to biodiesel with viscosities comparable to diesel fuel is transesterification. Previous research has proven that biodiesel–diesel blends can operate the compression ignition engine without the need for significant modifications. However, the commercialization of biodiesel is still limited due to the high cost of production. In this sense, the transesterification route is a crucial factor in determining the total cost of biodiesel production. Homogenous base-catalyzed transesterification, industrially, is the conventional method to produce biodiesel. However, this method suffers from limitations both environmentally and economically. Although there are review articles on transesterification, most of them focus on a specific type of transesterification process and hence do not provide a comprehensive picture. This paper reviews the latest progress in research on all facets of transesterification technology from reports published by highly-rated scientific journals in the last two decades. The review focuses on the suggested modifications to the conventional method and the most promising innovative technologies. The potentiality of each technology to produce biodiesel from low-quality feedstock is also discussed.

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“…Initially, 5 g of waste samples were soaked in different volumes of 5% H 2 SO 4 (100, 200, and 300 mL). Changmai et al [28] studied a two-step process as the oil has 45% of FFA content and used 5 wt% sulfuric acid which lessens the content of free fatty acid (FFA) of the oil [28]. Then the mixtures were autoclaved at 121ºC for 2 h. After hydrolysis, the samples were filtered and centrifuged to obtain the hydrolysate product.…”

Section: Collection and Pretreatment Of Organic Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-objective optimization for biomass and lipid production by oleaginous bacteria using vegetable waste as feedstock

Patnaik

Saravanabhupathy

Singh

et al. 2021

Environmental Engineering Research

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In this study, pretreated organic wastes such as waste paper cups, cardboard waste, and vegetable waste were screened for the growth and lipid production of oleaginous bacteria DS-7 (isolated from the dairy effluent scum). The pretreated vegetable waste was found to be the best feedstock for biomass and lipid production by the DS-7. Further, process parameters such as inoculation time, substrate concentration (w/v) (amount of pretreated vegetable waste), pH, and inoculum size were optimized using a multi-objective optimization technique to enhance the biomass and lipid productions. The optimization study successfully enhanced the biomass concentration (g/L) and lipid content (%) by 47.9% and 15.84%, respectively in comparison with the unoptimized state. The biomass and lipid productivities were 42% (1.449 g/L/d) and 51% (1.267 g/L/d) greater than unoptimized conditions. The characteristics of the biodiesel obtained from the valorization of vegetable waste were comparable to the standard. Thus, the vegetable waste can be utilized as a potential feedstock for microbial biodiesel production.

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Widely used catalysts in biodiesel production: a review

Abstract: An ever-increasing energy demand and environmental problems associated with exhaustible fossil fuels have led to the search for an alternative energy. In this context, biodiesel has attracted attention worldwide as an alternative to fossil fuel.

Cited by 237 publications

References 417 publications

Copper molybdate synthesized by sonochemistry route at room temperature as an efficient solid catalyst for esterification of oleic acid

Copper molybdate synthesized by sonochemistry route at room temperature as an efficient solid catalyst for esterification of oleic acid

Current State and Perspectives on Transesterification of Triglycerides for Biodiesel Production

Multi-objective optimization for biomass and lipid production by oleaginous bacteria using vegetable waste as feedstock

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