Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of benzimidazole-based, trinuclear neutral cyclometallated and cationic, N^{^}N-chelated ruthenium(ii) complexes

Abstract

A series of 2-phenyl and 2-pyridyl tris-benzimidazole ligands was reacted with the [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2 dimer to yield the corresponding neutral cyclometallated and cationic trinuclear organoruthenium(ii) complexes.

Importance of Fluorine in Benzazole Compounds

“…Benzimidazole is a popular nucleus in structural manipulation in medicinal chemistry and has been intensively discussed in the literature [ 19 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ] and many benzimidazoles are reported to show anthelmintic [ 25 , 26 ], antimicrobial [ 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 ], anti-HIV [ 33 , 34 , 35 ], antiviral [ 36 , 37 ], anti-inflammatory [ 38 , 39 ], anticancer [ 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ], anticonvulsant [ 45 ], antidiabetic [ 45 , 46 ], antihypertensive [ 47 ], anti-tuberculosis [ 48 , 49 ], antimalarial [ 50 , 51 ] and antioxidant [ 52 , 53 ] activities.…”

Exploring the Versatility of Benzimidazole Scaffolds as Medicinal Agents: A Brief Update

“…Synthesis of organoruthenium(II) complexes of benzimidazoles ( 48) and ( 49) was reported by Welsh and coworkers (Figure 12) [58]. Their anti-cancer activity was screened against triple-negative MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines, respectively.…”

“…A comparative antimycobacterial activity study of 2,5-disubstituted and 1,2,5trisubstituted benzimidazoles was reported in 2020 [63]. The in vitro studies against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain revealed an increased activity correlated with lipophilicity for disubstituted compounds (58)(59)(60) than for trisubstituted ones because of the addition of a long hydrocarbon chain at position 1 in the latter (Figure 15). A library of mono and disubstituted benzimidazoles were synthesized by applying different methodologies, i.e., by using the microwave, ultrasound (US), infrared (IR), simultaneous application of US and IR, and by conventional heating [64].…”

Exploring the Potential of Metallodrugs as Chemotherapeutics for Triple Negative Breast Cancer

“…The activity of coordination cationic compounds (most relevant depicted in Scheme 5) in TNBC are linked to a variety of cellular mechanisms such as DNA interactions and apoptotic cell death, among others. [93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112] Ratanaphan and co-workers focused on elucidating cellular effects on BRCA1-defective cells with compound 32 ([Ru(Clazpy) 2 phen]Cl 2 • 8H 2 O in Scheme 5), a Ru(II) coordinated complex with the bidentate ligand 5-chloro-2-(phenylazo)pyridine. [94] Cytotoxicity was observed in MDA-MB-231 (IC 50 = 13.2 � 0.3 μM, 24 h) and BRCA1-defective HCC-1937 (IC 50 = 1.8 � 0.1 μM, 24 h) cell lines, along with cell cycle inhibition at G2/M phase and an apoptotic mechanism of cell death.…”