Synthesis and application of titanium dioxide photocatalysis for energy, decontamination and viral disinfection: a review

Abstract

Global pollution is calling for advanced methods to remove contaminants from water and wastewater, such as TiO 2 -assisted photocatalysis. The environmental applications of titanium dioxide have started after the initial TiO 2 application for water splitting by Fujishima and Honda in 1972. TiO 2 is now used for self-cleaning surfaces, air and water purification systems, microbial inactivation and selective organic conversion. The synthesis of titanium dioxide nanomaterials with high photocatalytic activity is actually a major challenge. Here we review titanium dioxide photocatalysis with focus on mechanims, synthesis, and applications. Synthetic methods include sol-gel, sonochemical, microwave, oxidation, deposition, hydro/solvothermal, and biological techniques. Applications comprise the production of energy, petroleum recovery, and the removal of microplastics, pharmaceuticals, metals, dyes, pesticides, and of viruses such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

A Calcination‐Free Sol‐Gel Method to Prepare TiO2‐Based Hybrid Semiconductors for Enhanced Visible Light‐Driven Hydrogen Production

“…To analyze the impact of calcination on the pore structure and specific surface area of hybrid materials, nitrogen adsorption‐desorption isotherms, pore size distribution, and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller (BET) measurements were conducted on NA−TiO 2 and NA−TiO 2 (2.5 wt %) hybrid materials with different NA contents, under high‐purity N 2 gas at 77 K. The results, depicted in Figure 2A, 2B, S4, S5 and Tables 1, S1, show that when the doping amount was 2.5 wt %, the BET value was 252.84 m 2 g −1 (pore size 4.42 nm), which was significantly larger than that of pristine TiO 2 (179.25 m 2 g −1 ), 0.5 wt % (222.59 m 2 g −1 ), and 4.5 wt % (248.58 m 2 g −1 ) samples (Table S1). This increase could be attributed to the dopant‘s reduction of pores during the synthesis process, which gradually increased the catalyst‘s specific surface area [10d,12] …”

Review on micro nano bubble technology for condensation heat transfer

“…It is also stated how response time affects morphology. Any thermal management program that uses convective heat transfer must be able to anticipate the flow and transfer of heat using data on viscosity and thermal conductivity (Jayaseelan et al., 2022; Senthilkumar et al., 2010, 2017). It is often used to study nanoparticles.…”

Visible-light photocatalytic degradation of dyes by TiO2–Au inverse opal films synthesized by Atomic Layer Deposition

“…Titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) is the one of the most studied photocatalysts [6,9,10]. It is widely used in industry [11][12][13] because it is non toxic to humans, chemically stable and low cost.…”