Synthesis and applications of carbon nitride (CN ) family with different carbon to nitrogen ratio

Wang, Chun-Yao; Maeda, Kazuhiko; Chang, Lee-Lee; Tung, Kuo‐Lun; Hu, Chechia

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2021.12.027

Cited by 36 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…[118] g-C 3 N 4 is formed as a result of stepwise polycondensation reactions occurring at higher temperatures; however, the final g-C 3 N 4 structure is largely dependent on the starting material used in the production, the length of time the reaction, and the temperature of the reaction during the synthesis. [119] As previously claimed, the g-C 3 N 4 structure primarily consists of triazine and heptazine repeating building blocks, as illustrated in Figure 2. According to density functional theory (DFT) studies, in comparison to s-triazine, the tri-s-triazine based g-C 3 N 4 structure is thermodynamically more stable under ambient conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

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A Comprehensive Review on Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction

2022

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Inspired by natural photosynthesis, harnessing the wide range of natural solar energy and utilizing appropriate semiconductor‐based catalysts to convert carbon dioxide into beneficial energy species, for example, CO, CH4, HCOOH, and CH3COH have been shown to be a sustainable and more environmentally friendly approach. Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has been regarded as a highly effective photocatalyst for the CO2 reduction reaction, owing to its cost‐effectiveness, high thermal and chemical stability, visible light absorption capability, and low toxicity. However, weaker electrical conductivity, fast recombination rate, smaller visible light absorption window, and reduced surface area make this catalytic material unsuitable for commercial photocatalytic applications. Therefore, certain procedures, including elemental doping, structural modulation, functional group adjustment of g‐C3N4, the addition of metal complex motif, and others, may be used to improve its photocatalytic activity towards effective CO2 reduction. This review has investigated the scientific community's perspectives on synthetic pathways and material optimization approaches used to increase the selectivity and efficiency of the g‐C3N4‐based hybrid structures, as well as their benefits and drawbacks on photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Finally, the review concludes a comparative discussion and presents a promising picture of the future scope of the improvements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…[ 118 ] g‐C 3 N 4 is formed as a result of stepwise polycondensation reactions occurring at higher temperatures; however, the final g‐C 3 N 4 structure is largely dependent on the starting material used in the production, the length of time the reaction, and the temperature of the reaction during the synthesis. [ 119 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction

2022

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“…Inside these very broad categories, several aspects have been considered. If Humayun et al [ 29 ] pointed out the synthesis procedures of composite photocatalysts and the use of microwave is underlined, other works focalize on a specific class of materials: MOF [ 25 ], metal halide perovskite [ 26 ], graphene [ 28 ], and carbon nitride [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introduction: Importance and Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Hybrid Composites for Photocatalytic Applications: A Review

2022

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Heterogeneous photocatalysts have garnered extensive attention as a sustainable way for environmental remediation and energy storage process. Water splitting, solar energy conversion, and pollutant degradation are examples of nowadays applications where semiconductor-based photocatalysts represent a potentially disruptive technology. The exploitation of solar radiation for photocatalysis could generate a strong impact by decreasing the energy demand and simultaneously mitigating the impact of anthropogenic pollutants. However, most of the actual photocatalysts work only on energy radiation in the Near-UV region (<400 nm), and the studies and development of new photocatalysts with high efficiency in the visible range of the spectrum are required. In this regard, hybrid organic/inorganic photocatalysts have emerged as highly potential materials to drastically improve visible photocatalytic efficiency. In this review, we will analyze the state-of-art and the developments of hybrid photocatalysts for energy storage and energy conversion process as well as their application in pollutant degradation and water treatments.

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“…As mentioned above, an increase in the WF difference may induce a more significant Schottky barrier and provide a larger driving force to promote the migration of photogenerated carriers. To verify this assumption, we selected graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) as a photocatalyst because of its easy-to-process nature, wide availability, and high stability. − In general, the Fermi level of g-C 3 N 4 substantially surpasses that of most metals, which makes it appropriate for Schottky contact . To implement the above concepts, we fabricated MoO 2 /Ni 2 P@g-C 3 N 4 (MoO 2 /Ni 2 P@CN) hybrids via an in situ deposition process followed by a heat treatment process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Schottky Effect in the Ni₂P Cocatalyst via Work Function Up-Shift Induced by MoO₂ for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Liu

Wang

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Transition metal phosphides are considered to be promising cocatalysts that can be used to improve the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance. However, the relatively low conductivity, high overpotential, and limited interface driving force between the photocatalysts hamper their activity. In this study, we introduce work function engineering via MoO2 modification to modulate the Fermi energy level of Ni2P to obtain an enhanced Schottky effect in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Moreover, heterojunction engineering of MoO2/Ni2P decreases the adsorption energy of hydrions and facilitates the electrical conductivity and kinetics of HERs. The trifecta of MoO2 in hybrid cocatalysts significantly promotes the neutral photocatalytic HER efficiency of g-C3N4. Therefore, the as-prepared MoO2/Ni2P@g-C3N4 composite shows excellent photocatalytic HER performance, which reaches up to 1.38 times that of Pt-modified g-C3N4. Hence, this study provides in-depth insights into the simultaneous utilization of the work function and heterojunction modulation of cocatalysts to improve the photocatalytic HER performance.

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Synthesis and applications of carbon nitride (CN ) family with different carbon to nitrogen ratio

Cited by 36 publications

References 88 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction

A Comprehensive Review on Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction

Advances in Hybrid Composites for Photocatalytic Applications: A Review

Enhanced Schottky Effect in the Ni₂P Cocatalyst via Work Function Up-Shift Induced by MoO₂ for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

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Synthesis and applications of carbon nitride (CN ) family with different carbon to nitrogen ratio

Cited by 36 publications

References 88 publications

A Comprehensive Review on Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction

A Comprehensive Review on Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Carbon Dioxide Photoreduction

Advances in Hybrid Composites for Photocatalytic Applications: A Review

Enhanced Schottky Effect in the Ni2P Cocatalyst via Work Function Up-Shift Induced by MoO2 for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

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Enhanced Schottky Effect in the Ni₂P Cocatalyst via Work Function Up-Shift Induced by MoO₂ for Boosting Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution