Synthesis and applications of MXene-based composites: a review

Abstract

Recently, there has been considerable interest in a new family of transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides referred to as MXenes (Ti3C2Tx) due to the variety of their elemental compositions and surface terminations that exhibit many fascinating physical and chemical properties. As a result of their easy formability, MXenes may be combined with other materials, such as polymers, oxides, and carbon nanotubes, which can be used to tune their properties for various applications. As is widely known, MXenes and MXene-based composites have gained considerable prominence as electrode materials in the energy storage field. In addition to their high conductivity, reducibility, and biocompatibility, they have also demonstrated outstanding potential for applications related to the environment, including electro/photocatalytic water splitting, photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction, water purification, and sensors. This review discusses MXene-based composite used in anode materials, while the electrochemical performance of MXene-based anodes for Li-based batteries (LiBs) is discussed in addition to key findings, operating processes, and factors influencing electrochemical performance.

Role of MXenes in advancing soft robotics

“…89 Several reviews have comprehensively addressed the topic of MXenes production. [90][91][92] These 2D materials are typically fabricated by etching approaches, including molten-salt, HF-free, and electrochemical etching. 93 Other techniques, such as hydrothermal and chemical vapor deposition techniques, have also been reported.…”

Progress of 2D MXene as an Electrode Architecture for Advanced Supercapacitors: A Comprehensive Review

“…To increase the conductivity of MXene, which can be made into a metal-like, semi- or full-insulating material, including the choice of M and X and the modification of their surface terminal groups . Due to variations in the surface functionalities, defect concentration, d -spacing between MXene particles, delamination yield, and lateral dimensions brought about by the etching process, the electrical conductivities of Ti 3 C 2 T x varied from 850 to 9870 S/m . Mechanical properties influence the electrochemical properties of MXene.…”

“…Developing solid-state supercapacitors with high mechanical flexibility has received considerable attention, but they are not yet suitable for wearable applications. Due to the rigidity of the electrodes, the freezing of the electrolyte, and problems with interfacial contact, it is still challenging to create a flexible, all-solid supercapacitor that can function under various deformations and in severe environments . The microstructure of MXene can be improved by increasing its surface area and active site outcomes for the electrochemical performance.…”

“… M n + 1 AX n = M n + 1 X n + A Scale-up is difficult due to the acute toxicity of HF, and the management of surface composition and grafting techniques is challenged by competing surface hydrolysis. So, Jawaid et al present a productive room-temperature etching approach for producing MXenes from Ti 3 AlC 2 using halogens (Br 2 , I 2 ) in anhydrous conditions . V 2 CT x MXene is synthesized by temperature etching methods at different temperatures, including room temperature .…”

“…99 To increase the conductivity of MXene, which can be made into a metal-like, semi-or full-insulating material, including the choice of M and X and the modification of their surface terminal groups. 5 Due to variations in the surface functionalities, defect concentration, dspacing between MXene particles, delamination yield, and lateral dimensions brought about by the etching process, the electrical conductivities of Ti 3 C 2 T x varied from 850 to 9870 S/ m. 74 Mechanical properties influence the electrochemical properties of MXene. Gogoti et al experimentally proved that the polymer (PVA) confinement between the MXene flakes increases flexibility and cationic intercalation with a capacitance of 530 F/cm 3 for MXene/PVA−KOH composite film at 2 mV/ s. It was found that the diverse microstructures of the Ti 3 C 2 T xbased samples led to significant differences in their dielectric properties.…”