Synthesis and Characterisation of Zinc Layered Hydroxide Intercalated with 2-Methyl-4- Chlorophenoxyacetic Acid and its Controlled Release Application

Abstract

2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) is herbicide in group of phenoxyherbicides. It has been widely used in agriculture industry to control the weeds population especially thistle and dock. The toxicity of MCPA may impact the environment and harmful for living organisms especially human and aquatic life. This research aimed to intercalate MCPA herbicide with zinc layered hydroxide (ZLH) to form a composites (ZMCPA) and its controlled release properties. In this study, ZMCPA was prepared as an advanced delivery system by ion exchange method and further by hydrothermal treatment. The intercalations of zinc oxide were done with various MCPA concentration of 0.1 M, 0.3 M, 0.5 M, 0.7 M and 0.9 M. Intercalation performances were detected using powder X- ray diffraction (PXRD) and supported by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The study for porosity of the composite was performed by BET analyzer. Among all of these concentrations, 0.5M represented the successful intercalation due to the presence of four sharp and intense harmonic peaks at 2θ with basal spacing of 24.6 Å, 12 Å, 8 Å and 6 Å, respectively. Herbicides release study was conducted in three salt solution, sodium chloride, sodium carbonate and sodium phosphate. Sustain release of MCPA was faster in sodium phosphate solution by 85%. This controlled release study was determined by UV-Vis spectrometry.

Synthesis and Application of Zinc Layered Hydroxide: A Short Review

“…There are various synthesis methods have been used to synthesize ZLH nanocomposite, which an ionexchange method [26][27][28], co-precipitation method [4, [18][19][20], hydrothermal precipitation methods [12,[29][30], and direct reaction method [31][32][33]. Above all, the direct reaction method is often chosen in preparing ZLH nanocomposites because various anions can be directly intercalated alternately between the hydroxylated sheets and increase the quantity of the synthesized material [26,[31][32][33][34]. The ion exchange process is not involved in this method.…”

“…Special attention has also been focused on controlled-release formulations of pesticides using layered materials in agriculture. There are many new nanocomposites involving pesticides that have been intercalated into interlayer of ZLH such as cetyltrimethylammonium bromide [125], chloroacetic acid [33], valeric acid [47], propoxur [41], isoprocarb [126], thiacloprid [28], 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid [34], 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid [55], and 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid [127]. The successful intercalation process of pesticides into the interlayer of ZLH was due to positively charged ZLH layers that promote the attraction force between the guest anion pesticides and the host.…”

A Review on Nanopesticides for Plant Protection Synthesized Using the Supramolecular Chemistry of Layered Hydroxide Hosts

“…The intercalated pesticide has higher thermal stability. The release rates and equilibrium release amounts of the pesticide were closely dependent on micelles types and release media [69] Other pesticides that were intercalated into Zn-LH are 3-(4-methoxyphenyl) propionic [63], imidacloprid [64], 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyrate and 2-(3-chlorophenoxy) propionate [65] and 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic [66]. They were synthesized due to their superior qualities compared with their counterparts.…”

“…Other pesticides that were intercalated into Zn-LH are 3-(4-methoxyphenyl) propionic [ 63 ], imidacloprid [ 64 ], 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyrate and 2-(3-chlorophenoxy) propionate [ 65 ] and 2-methyl-4- chlorophenoxyacetic [ 66 ]. They were synthesized due to their superior qualities compared with their counterparts.…”

Zinc Layered Hydroxide 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetate: Synthesis via ZnO, Characterization and Effect on Seed Germination

“…Subsequently, hydrothermal treatment was employed to increase the product's crystallinity. To clarify, there are few studies on intercalating MCPA into ZLH that have been employed [25,26], but there haven't been any published studies investigating the effect of protein and amino acid content of plant samples treated by this nanoherbicide yet. Due to this reason, in this present study, the protein and amino acid composition in leaves of bean sprout samples was reported following the application of herbicide with aimed to broaden the limited scientific knowledge by supporting the impact of nanoherbicides on plant gene expression.…”