Synthesis and characteristics of iron nanoparticles in a carbon matrix along with the catalytic graphitization of amorphous carbon

Sajitha, E. P.; Prasad, V.; Subramanyam, S. V.; Eto, Souichiro; Takai, Kazuyuki; Enoki, Toshiaki

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2004.06.027

Cited by 107 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Table 2 shows the I D /I G values and the peak positions of the G and D bands of the different samples. The G and D bands are understood to be associated with the stretching vibrations of graphite and the disordered states of sp 2 -hybridized carbon, respectively [15,16]. As shown in Table 2, the I D /I G of sample A is the lowest among all the samples, indicating the largest percentage of the ordered carbon phase.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Formation of noble-shaped carbon nanostructures

Kang

Bae

Kim

2015

J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem

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Noble-shaped carbon nanostructures which have a unique geometry, i.e., carbon nanofibers form along with the growth of the carbon tree branches were synthesized using C 2 H 2 /H 2 as source gases under a thermal chemical vapor deposition system. Bunch-type Ni clusters (several hundred micrometers in size) were used as the catalyst for the growth of noble-shaped carbon nanostructures on the Al 2 O 3 substrate. The characteristics of the carbon nanostructures were investigated under the condition of the different gas flow rate ratios of C 2 H 2 and H 2 . In case of a high C 2 H 2 /H 2 flow rate ratio, the predominant growth on the substrate was that of carbon tree branches. In case of a low C 2 H 2 /H 2 flow rate ratio, on the other hand, we obtained noble-shaped carbon nanostructures. The growth mode and the cause for the formation of the noble-shaped carbon nanostructures was suggested and discussed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Formation of noble-shaped carbon nanostructures

Kang

Bae

Kim

2015

J Incl Phenom Macrocycl Chem

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“…Transformation of this part of a-C to graphite is a catalytic graphitization process. Iron can exhibit catalytic graphitization behavior at a low temperature (Sajitha et al 2004). The decomposition of iron carbide plays a leading role during the insulation stage.…”

Section: Proposed Mechanisms Involved In Formation Of Graphenementioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Biobased Graphene from Kraft Lignin

2017

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Graphene was manufactured from commercial kraft lignin, and its forming mechanism, structure, and properties were investigated. A single factor test was employed to determine the optimum conditions of the production of graphene nanosheets. Kraft lignin was mixed with iron powders as catalyst with different weight ratios. The mixed carbon source and catalyst were thermally treated at 1000 °C and incubated for a period of time in a tubular furnace. The thermally treated carbon materials were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Raman spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The preferable conditions for production of graphene nanosheets from kraft lignin were determined. The graphene fold structure was obtained after thermally treating for 90 min when the ratio of carbon source to iron was 3:1. The results revealed that folded lamellar graphene structure increased with greater holding time. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were observed after thermal treatment for 105 min. These results indicate the formation of graphite crystal structure and multi-layered graphene from kraft lignin in the presence of iron catalyst.

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“…Formation of iron carbide phases during carbon SWNT growth has been discussed previously in the literature based on in situ TEM, Mössbauer spectra analysis, and magnetic properties. [30][31][32][33][34] Those studies concluded that the Fe-C alloy particles are possibly responsible for the nucleation and growth of the nanotubes. A detailed analysis of carbon nanotube formation mechanism using the Fe-C phase diagram was described in Ref.…”

Section: M/m S = Coth͑ H/k B T͒ − K B T/ H ͑2͒mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of catalyst particle size during carbon single walled nanotube growth and its effect on the tube characteristics

Harutyunyan

Tokune

Mora

et al. 2006

Journal of Applied Physics

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A series of Fe catalysts, with different mean diameters, supported on alumina with different molar ratios, was studied before and after carbon single walled nanotubes growth using magnetic measurements and Raman scattering techniques (laser excitation wavelengths from 1.17to2.54eV) to follow changes on catalyst particle size and composition, as well as the relationship between particle size and diameter of nanotubes grown. In all cases, an increase and redistribution of the particle size after the growth was concluded based on the blocking temperature values and Langevin function analysis. This is explained in terms of agglomeration of particles due to carbon-induced liquefaction accompanied with an increase in the catalyst mobility. For large particles no direct correlation between the catalyst size and the nanotube diameters was observed.

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Synthesis and characteristics of iron nanoparticles in a carbon matrix along with the catalytic graphitization of amorphous carbon

Cited by 107 publications

References 23 publications

Formation of noble-shaped carbon nanostructures

Formation of noble-shaped carbon nanostructures

Preparation and Characterization of Biobased Graphene from Kraft Lignin

Evolution of catalyst particle size during carbon single walled nanotube growth and its effect on the tube characteristics

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