Synthesis and characterization of acid-activated Serbian smectite clays obtained by statistically designed experiments

Novaković, Tatjana; Rožić, Ljiljana; Petrović, Srdjan; Rosić, Aleksandra

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2007.06.003

Cited by 66 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The ions concentration of Na + displaced by the NH 4 OH exchange solutions were measured by Atomic Absorption and expressed in meq (100 g) -1 of solid according to Equation 1:…”

Section: Clay Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clays and minerals such as montmorillonite, vermiculite, illite, kaolinite and bentonite are known as alternative materials used to adsorption of heavy metal due to several economic advantages [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] and their intrinsic properties, such as large specific surface area, excellent physical and chemical stability and properties structural and surface 10 . Other low-cost adsorbents have been investigated, mainly using bioadsorbents, such as algae 11 and chitosan 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cu(II) adsorption on modified bentonitic clays: different isotherm behaviors in static and dynamic systems

2011

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Cu (II) removal equilibrium from aqueous solutions using calcined clays "Bofe" and "Verde-lodo" has been studied by batch and fixed-bed in static and dynamic systems, respectively. Analyses were performed for physicochemical characterization of clays using the techniques: X-ray fluorescence (XRF), thermogravimetry (TG), N 2 adsorption (BET) and Cationic Exchange Capacity (CEC). Batch experiments were performed at a constant temperature, adjusting the pH of the solution in contact with clays. Adsorption assays in fixed bed were conducted at the flow rate determined through mass transfer zone (MTZ). Langmuir and Freundlich models were adjusted to equilibrium data. The results of characterization indicated that the temperature of 500 °C is best suited for the calcination of the clays. The maximum adsorption capacity was higher for dynamic system than fixed bed compared to static system, enhancing from 0.0748 to 0.1371 and from 0.0599 to 0.22 mmol.g -1 of clay for "Bofe" and "Verde-lodo", respectively.

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“…The ions concentration of Na + displaced by the NH 4 OH exchange solutions were measured by Atomic Absorption and expressed in meq (100 g) -1 of solid according to Equation 1:…”

Section: Clay Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cu(II) adsorption on modified bentonitic clays: different isotherm behaviors in static and dynamic systems

2011

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“…In chemical activation, is generally used sodium carbonate or strong acids such as sulfuric acid. Acid activation was the subject of many studies [1][2][3][4], treating either, the various reaction mechanisms, or the effect of attack on the physicochemical characteristics of clay. The supreme goal of the clay activation, as by the sulphuric acid attack [5,6], it is the increase in porosity by peripheral dissolution of clay, in order to increase the number of the active sites: Indeed, the structural cations of clay (Al Adsorption is a reversible and interfacial physicochemical phenomenon causing the accumulation of solute's molecules in the solid-liquid interface (or solid-gas).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Tataouines Raw and Activated Clay

Hattab¹

2013

J Chem Eng Process Technol

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This study deals with the mineralogical and thermal analysis of red clay taken from the south of Tunisia (Tataouine area) which will be used in industrial and environmental fields. In that purpose the study had recourse to several quantitative and qualitative research instruments: chemical analysis, mineralogical study and thermal analysis. The analyses were carried out by different methods such as: (i) X-ray diffraction (XRD), (ii) infrared spectroscopy (IR), (iii) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), (iv) differential thermal analysis (DTA) and (v) cation exchange capacity (CEC). The data collected from these techniques show that illite and kaolinite are the major clay phases. The accessory minerals detected in powdered rock is calcite.The raw clay has undergone an acid activation using the sulfuric acid. The acid activation of south of Tunisia clay increase the specific surface area by adsorption of methylene blue from 117 m 2 /g to 163 m 2 /g. The experimental investigation is performed in accordance with the methodology of the factorial design of experiments. The different factors or parameters used in this methodology are: the temperature (T), the contact time (t), the liquid/solid ratio (R), and the acid concentration (C). The optimal conditions, obtained by the statistically designed experiments, for the best results of methylene blue adsorption were: 60 °C, a contact time of 1.5 h, a liquid/solid ratio of 7 and acid concentration of 20%. These parameters are applied in the preparation of the sample used in characterization study. The effect of the reaction conditions on the solid structure is investigated by comparison with the raw clay sample.

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“…The ZnO doped with Ce shifts the absorption edge to the visible range and reduces the range of the band gap. Therefore, that is the largest electron easily moving from the valence band to the conduction band [8,22,23,27,28]. Figure 4 shows the predicted values versus observed values using the model equation obtained from the data of the response surface of UV-Vis spectroscopy with effect of efficiency of degradation.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental statistic design applied for obtaining Zn:xCe by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method with photocatalytic property

et al. 2016

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Abstract:In this study, the nanostructures of pure ZnO and ZnO:xCe 3+ were prepared using statistic design-factorial design 3 (31) -3-level and mixed-level factorials and fractional with replicates in the central point, totaling 11 experiments. The experiments were performed using the microwave-assisted hydrothermal (MAH) method with Ce 3+ concentration of 2 and 4 mol% at 60, 110, and 160 ℃ for 10, 20, and 30 min. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and optical diffuse reflectance were used to characterize the products. The fractional factorial design indicated the optimal design area, and the studies were continued by ridge analysis. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), the Pareto, and the model adjusted to the conditions proposed in this study due to the determination coefficient of 99.9%, variance (R²), and response surface generated were satisfactory, thus having an optimization in the process of obtaining ZnO doped with Ce.

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Synthesis and characterization of acid-activated Serbian smectite clays obtained by statistically designed experiments

Cited by 66 publications

References 27 publications

Cu(II) adsorption on modified bentonitic clays: different isotherm behaviors in static and dynamic systems

Cu(II) adsorption on modified bentonitic clays: different isotherm behaviors in static and dynamic systems

Characterization of Tataouines Raw and Activated Clay

Experimental statistic design applied for obtaining Zn:xCe by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method with photocatalytic property

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