Synthesis and characterization of bio-polyols through the oxypropylation of bark and alkaline extracts of bark

D’Souza, Jason; George, Ben; Camargo, R. E.; Yan, Ning

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.06.037

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…Ning Yan et al [ 60 ] synthesized bio-polyols through the oxypropylation of bark, and the ensuing polyol was used in the production of PUFs. A bark pretreatment was used that consisted of activating the biomass with a solution of KOH in ethanol for 1 h at 100 °C and 50 psi.…”

Section: Strategies Toward the Sustainability Of Pufsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane Foams: Past, Present, and Future

2018

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Polymeric foams can be found virtually everywhere due to their advantageous properties compared with counterparts materials. Possibly the most important class of polymeric foams are polyurethane foams (PUFs), as their low density and thermal conductivity combined with their interesting mechanical properties make them excellent thermal and sound insulators, as well as structural and comfort materials. Despite the broad range of applications, the production of PUFs is still highly petroleum-dependent, so this industry must adapt to ever more strict regulations and rigorous consumers. In that sense, the well-established raw materials and process technologies can face a turning point in the near future, due to the need of using renewable raw materials and new process technologies, such as three-dimensional (3D) printing. In this work, the fundamental aspects of the production of PUFs are reviewed, the new challenges that the PUFs industry are expected to confront regarding process methodologies in the near future are outlined, and some alternatives are also presented. Then, the strategies for the improvement of PUFs sustainability, including recycling, and the enhancement of their properties are discussed.

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Section: Strategies Toward the Sustainability Of Pufsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethane Foams: Past, Present, and Future

2018

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“…Examples include lignin (Cateto et al, 2009;Nadji et al, 2005), sodium lignosulfonates (Oliveira et al, 2015), sugar beet pulp (Pavier and Gandini, 2000), cork powder residues (Evtiouguina et al, 2002), olive stone (Matos et al, 2010), rapeseed cake (Serrano et al, 2010), and soy hulls (Rosa et al, 2015). Other biomasses, namely gambier tannin (Arbenz and Avérous, 2015), chitin and chitosan (Fernandes et al, 2007), bark (D'Souza et al, 2015), date seeds (Briones et al, 2011), and Brazilian pine fruit shell (de Rezende et al, 2018), were also studied. All these examples reported the synthesis of the polyols directly from the selected biomass, or by using a biomass pre-treatment to facilitate the impregnation of the catalyst.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the oxypropylation process of a lignocellulosic material, almond shell, using the response surface methodology (RSM)

Pinto

Prieto

Ferreira

et al. 2020

Industrial Crops and Products

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Developing polyols from abundant and renewable biomass resources is an important topic for polymer synthesis. In this work, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was applied to a novel oxypropylation case study, almond shell (AS), an agroindustry lignocellulosic by-product. Mathematical models were developed to determine responses maximizing the reaction efficiency to yield polyols with specific technical requirements (polyols suitable for rigid polyurethane foams; hydroxyl index between 300 and 800 mgKOH/g, and viscosity below 300 Pa*s). In a general way, the properties of the obtained polyols were within the range of the ones currently used commercially, reinforcing the interest to exploit lignocellulosic bio-residues for polyol synthesis. For simultaneous minimization of homopolymer content and unreacted biomass, values of 14.0% and 14.1% were achieved, respectively. This was attained using a formulation with an AS/PO ratio of 20.1/79.9 g/ml and a catalyst content of 3.14%, giving rise to a polyol with an hydroxyl index of 392.1 KOH/g and a viscosity of 107.4 Pa*s. Overall, the advantages of using RSM to better understand complex reactive systems and the interest to use these statistical approaches as decision-making tools was demonstrated.

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“…The high amount of OH-bearing compounds, as well as of water soluble substances, can be related with the presence of flavonoids and phenolic compounds [17]. According to D'Souza and collaborators [3], their presence can influence oxypropylation reaction by acting as preferable sites for reaction initiation. In fact, these compounds are…”

Section: Pine-fruit Shell Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…DOI: 10.32604/JRM.2018.00028 ether moieties. It corresponds to a chain-extension reaction occurring in bulk through the interaction between the gas phase (vaporized propylene oxide) and the solid phase (biomass) [2,3]. Along the oxypropylation reaction, homopolymerization of the propylene oxide can occur due to the transfer reactions of the grafting mechanism [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxypropylation of Brazilian Pine-Fruit Shell Evaluated by Principal Component Analysis

Rezende¹,

Pinto²,

Fernandes³

et al. 2018

Journal of Renewable Materials

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Pine-fruit shell (PFS) is a lignocellulosic residue derived from the fruit of Araucaria angustifolia, a coniferous tree native of South America, part of a whole vegetation of the Atlantic Forest, found in the South and Southwest of Brazil. In this work PFS will be characterized and used in the production of PFS-based polyols through oxypropylation. Three series were chosen (PFS/propylene oxide (PO) (w/v, g/mL) of 30/70, 20/80 and 10/90) with four catalyst levels (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%, (w/w, PFS based)). Oxypropylation occurred at moderate conditions of temperature, pressure and time giving rise to liquid polyols with a homopolymer content (PPO) ranging from 4-65%, a hydroxyl number (IOH) between 257-605 mg KOH/g and viscosities (V) varying from 0.76 Pa.s to 373.90 Pa.s (20°C) for the series 20/80 and 10/90, while for the series 30/70, the viscosity reached values higher than 500 Pa.s, 20C. The unreacted PFS (UR) varied between 3.6% and 77.4% (PFS-basis). After the PFS-based polyols production and characterization, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed in order to evaluate the established interactions between the used formulation variables and the obtained polyol properties. The PCA analysis allowed to clarify the interactions between PFS and PO contents and the final biopolyol properties (PPO, IOH, V and UR). This approach showed to be a simple method to rationally analyze the influence of the input formulation variables on the final polyol properties.

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Synthesis and characterization of bio-polyols through the oxypropylation of bark and alkaline extracts of bark

Cited by 28 publications

References 50 publications

Polyurethane Foams: Past, Present, and Future

Polyurethane Foams: Past, Present, and Future

Analysis of the oxypropylation process of a lignocellulosic material, almond shell, using the response surface methodology (RSM)

Oxypropylation of Brazilian Pine-Fruit Shell Evaluated by Principal Component Analysis

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