Analysis of the oxypropylation process of a lignocellulosic material, almond shell, using the response surface methodology (RSM)

Pinto, João A.; Prieto, Miguel A.; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.; Belgacem, Mohamed Naceur; Rodrigues, Alı́rio E.; Barreiro, María Filomena

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112542

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In this work, the cheap AC, the low-cost reagent, and an experimental design technique were combined to explore an easier to handle, faster, more efficient, and cost-effective method to treat the simulation solution of fluoride. RSM is a statistical method used for optimization of the process and evaluation of the significance of the variables and their effects on the response [27]. The results of this study confirm the great potential and applicability of adsorbents for the removal of other ions from industrial wastewater.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Optimization for removal efficiency of fluoride using La(iii)–Al(iii)-activated carbon modified by chemical route

Song

Lan

et al. 2020

Green Processing and Synthesis

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A simple chemical route was adopted for the preparation of adsorbent to remove fluoride in the simulation solution. In this study, commercially activated carbon (CAC) was used as the raw material, HNO3 (20 wt%), La(NO3)3·2H2O (0.05 mol/L), and Al(NO3)3 (0.10 mol/L) were employed as modification reagents to successfully prepare the CAC adsorbent loaded with the elements La and Al (La(iii)–Al(iii)–CAC). The modified adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy measurements. The effects of variables such as solution pH, adsorption time, initial concentrations, and volume of solution were investigated on adsorption efficiency by the response surface method (RSM). Under optimum conditions, specified as a pH value of 6, an adsorption time of 1.2 h, an initial concentration of 30 mg/L, a solution volume of 25 mL, and the value of RF can reach at 74.11%. From the RSM analysis, the pH value was a significant factor in the adsorption process and the order for these key factors was as follows: pH > adsorption time > solution volume. Meanwhile, there were interactions among these factors. Chemical modification had an important role in pore structure generation and functional group of adsorbent to improve the adsorption efficiency. The removal performance of adsorbent on simulation solution of fluoride also showed the feasibility of adsorbent to be applied in industrial purposes.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Optimization for removal efficiency of fluoride using La(iii)–Al(iii)-activated carbon modified by chemical route

Song

Lan

et al. 2020

Green Processing and Synthesis

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“…Through this process, propylene polyoxide grafts are formed from the lignin hydroxyl groups using propylene oxide successive addition. The resultant polyol was a mixture of oxypropylated lignin and homopolymer (propylene polyoxide oligomers), a secondary product of this reaction [26]. All the produced lignin-based polyols were characterized for their technical properties, IOH, and viscosity, having in view their suitability for the application as a monomer for RPU foam synthesis (IOH between 300 and 800 and a viscosity below 300 Pa•s) [16].…”

Section: Lignin-based Polyolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorization of Lignin Side-Streams into Polyols and Rigid Polyurethane Foams—A Contribution to the Pulp and Paper Industry Biorefinery

et al. 2021

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Valorization of industrial low-value side-streams are of great interest, contributing to boosts in the circular economy. In this context, lignin side-streams of the pulp and paper industry were oxypropylated to produce biobased polyols and tested in the synthesis of rigid polyurethane (RPU) foams. E. globulus lignins, namely a lignin isolated from an industrial Kraft black liquor and depolymerized lignins obtained as by-products of an oxidation process, were used. RPU foams, synthesized with 100% lignin-based polyols and using a 1.1 NCO/OH ratio, were characterized concerning apparent density, morphology, thermal conductivity, thermal stability, and heat release rate (HRR). Foams containing the lignin-based polyols presented densities varying from 44.7 to 112.2 kg/m3 and thermal conductivity in the range of 37.2–49.0 mW/mK. For the reference foam (sample produced with 100% wt. Daltofoam TP 32015 polyol), values of 70.9 kg/m3 and 41.1 mW/mK were obtained, respectively. The achieved results point out the viability of using the generated lignin-based polyols at 100% content in RPU foams, mainly when depolymerized lignins are used. Moreover, fire retardancy was favored when the lignin-based polyols were introduced. The proposed strategies can contribute to establishing the integrated pulp and paper biorefinery concept where material synthesis (polyols and RPU foams) can be combined with chemical production (vanillin and syringaldehyde).

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“…We also assume that applying the Box-Behnken design (BBD) method will aid us to simplify the experimental complexity, allowing us to perform system optimization with affordable laboratory works. Furthermore, the response surface methodology (RSM) and multi-objective optimization will be used for acquired data illustration, which will aid us to quickly identify the optimized results, as has been shown in related food processing studies [23,24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Material for Key Components and Parameters of Peanut Sheller Based on Hertz Theory and Box–Behnken Design

Wang

Xie

et al. 2022

Agriculture

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Poor shelling quality degrades the performance and profit of the peanut industry. The Hertz theory and the wear resistance experimental method were applied to identify a highly wear-resistant material guaranteeing a low mechanical damage rate (MDR) of peanut kernels. The Box–Behnken design method was applied in the experiment to illustrate the influence of the material’s elastic modulus (X1), radius of curvature of the key parts (X2), rotating speed of the shelling drum (X3), and clearance between the shelling drum and concave screen (X4) on MDR and shelling efficiency (SE). Depending on the analysis of variance, the weights of the influential factors were observed as X1 > X3 > X4 > X2. The mathematical models of MDR and SE were derived from the least squares’ method, and four-dimensional slice diagrams of the three most significant factors were used to illustrate the trends of MDR and SE. A multi-objective analysis provided the optimal combination of parameters as: X1 = 10 MPa, X2 = 12.77 mm, X3 = 277.48 r/min, and X4 = 24.24 mm, yielding MDR = 4.89% and SE = 97.91%. The results were further verified by a production trial test, proving that the proposed solution with the selected material, machine design, and working parameters were effective in improving peanut shelling quality.

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Analysis of the oxypropylation process of a lignocellulosic material, almond shell, using the response surface methodology (RSM)

Cited by 10 publications

References 33 publications

Optimization for removal efficiency of fluoride using La(iii)–Al(iii)-activated carbon modified by chemical route

Optimization for removal efficiency of fluoride using La(iii)–Al(iii)-activated carbon modified by chemical route

Valorization of Lignin Side-Streams into Polyols and Rigid Polyurethane Foams—A Contribution to the Pulp and Paper Industry Biorefinery

Optimization of Material for Key Components and Parameters of Peanut Sheller Based on Hertz Theory and Box–Behnken Design

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