Palm oil-based polyester polyol was synthesized by reacting epoxidized palm olein with malonic acid under a convenient one-pot synthesis method. The optimum reaction time, temperature, and functionality molar ratio were determined. The optimal polyol consisted of hydroxyl and acid values of 98.19 and 1.44 mg KOH/g sample, 95% conversion of epoxides and M n of 5201 Da; and the chemical structure was elucidated by Fourier transform infrared , Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and 1 H-NMR. The polyol was appeared as light-yellowish liquid with cloud and pour points of 12 and 10 C and reacted with isophorone diisocyanate to produce polyurethane with interconnected pores ranged 35-2165 μm, porosity ranged 89-90%, tensile strength ranged 59-78 kPa, and compression stress ranged 48-55 kPa. The polyurethanes showed 120-260% water-uptake and controlled mass loss (1.6-15.3%) after 28 days of enzymatic degradation. PU 1 demonstrated slight cytotoxicity with cell proliferation and adhesion observed after 24 h incubation, demonstrated its potential as biomaterial for biomedical applications.PU 1, PU 2, and PU 3 were synthesized by reacting polyester polyol with IPDI at isocyanate index of 1.0, 1.2, and 1.4, respectively.
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