Synthesis and characterization of biomimetic bioceramic nanoparticles with optimized physicochemical properties for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

Calcium phosphate bioceramics nanoparticles such as nano‐hydroxyapatite (nHA) and nano‐tricalcium phosphate (nTCP) are the main focus of basic and applied research for bone tissue regeneration. In particular, a combination of these two phases (nHA + nTCP) which refers to as “nano‐biphasic calcium phosphates (nBCP)” is of interest due to the preferred biodegradation nature compared to single‐phase bioceramics. However, the available synthesis processes are challenging and the biomaterials properties are yet to be optimized to mimic the physiochemical properties of the natural nanoscale bone apatite. In this study, a new approach was developed for the production of optimized bioceramic nanoparticles aiming to improve their biomimecity for better biological performances. Nanoparticles were synthesized through a carefully controlled and modified wet mechano‐chemical method combined with a controlled solid‐state synthesis. Different processing variables have been analyzed including; milling parameters, post‐synthesis treatment, and calcination phase. Detailed physicochemical characterizations of nanoparticles revealed higher crystallinity (∼100%), lower crystallite/particle size (58 nm), higher homogeneity, reduced particle agglomeration size (6 μm), and a closer molar ratio (1.8) to biological apatite compared to control and standard samples. Furthermore, the study group was confirmed as calcium‐deficient carbonate‐substituted BCP nanoparticles (nHA/nβ‐TCP: 92/8%). As such, the introduced method can afford an easier and accurate control over nanoparticle physiochemical properties including the composition phase which can be used for better customization of biomaterials for clinical applications. The findings of this article will also help researchers in the further advancement of production strategies of biomaterials. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 1654–1666, 2019.

Bone and Cartilage Interfaces With Orthopedic Implants: A Literature Review

“…Furthermore, they enhance cell adhesion augmenting the adsorption of extracellular matrix proteins on their surface (103). Calcium phosphate molecules can be manufactured as macro-sized molecules or nano-sized molecules (104)(105)(106). Despite many advantages of these coatings, there are several disadvantages, such as inferior mechanical stability (98).…”

Effect of calcium phosphate synthesis conditions on its physico-chemical properties and evaluation of its antibacterial activity

“…Calcium phosphate (Ca-P) ceramics are the most widely used substances in the field of biomaterials, including hydroxyapatite (HA), tricalcium phosphate (α, β-TCP), octacalcium phosphate (OCP) and dehydrated dicalcium phosphate (DCPD) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Calcium phosphate is the major component of the human body bones and teeth [1,7].…”

“…Calcium phosphate is currently used for medical purposes either to fill gaps or as a carrier accepted by the body to encompass certain drugs. Ca-P can be of natural [14][15][16][17][18][19] or synthetic origin [4,6,7,11,20,21]. It can be prepared using several methods such as: aqueous precipitation [7,17,22], sol-gel method [10,[22][23][24], solid reaction [25], and hydrothermal [26,27].…”

“…It can be prepared using several methods such as: aqueous precipitation [7,17,22], sol-gel method [10,[22][23][24], solid reaction [25], and hydrothermal [26,27]. The synthetic Ca-P is an alternative to the natural material because of its chemical, biological and mechanical properties [4,15,28]. Calcium phosphate is a preferred class of biomaterials because of its good properties such as biocompatibility, osteoconductive, bioactivity and non-toxic properties [26].…”

“…It is also believed that the antibacterial properties of Ca-P are related to its morphological properties, crystal structure and its concentration, its pH and the sintering temperature [18,23,26,32,36]. More recently, the improvement of the physico-chemical properties of biomedical materials, both natural and synthetic, has preoccupied researchers and industrialists [4,15,[37][38][39]. The purpose of this study is the synthesis of calcium phosphate particles by the aqueous precipitation method by following a set of experimental condition that permit to control the resulting calcium phosphate particle characteristics.…”