Synthesis and Characterization of Chelidonic Acid and Chelidamic Acid as Organic Anode Materials for Energy Storage

Abstract

Organic materials (OMs) have great potential to accept alkaline ions and thus be used in energy storage systems. Owing to their low cost, easy synthesis, and wide applications, a green battery containing an OM without any considerable production of heavy pollutants such as graphite and transitionmetal oxides can be expected in the near future. In this study, two new OMs, chelidamic acid (CDA) and chelidonic acid (CDO), were prepared and investigated for energy storage. CDA and CDO have a similar molecular weight and structure but differ in the electronegative heteroatoms, the secondary amine, and the oxygen atom. This research demonstrates that the different heteroatom dramatically dominates the electrochemical behavior of these two materials. After cycling with Li + , composite electrodes containing CDA and CDO exhibited capacities of 740.2 and 562.8 mAh g −1 , respectively, for 250 cycles with no capacity decade. The specific surface area of CDA (2.46 m 2 g −1 ) is twice that of CDO (1.23 m 2 g −1 ), implying that the secondary amine changes the threedimensional structure and leads to an interesting electrochemical activity with Li + . The composite electrodes containing the two OMs, especially those containing CDA, exhibited rate performance (10 C) superior to that of graphite electrodes. Ex situ Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies were used to investigate the reaction mechanism of these two OMs. CDA and CDO not only provide outstanding capacity, rate performance, and cycle retention with Li + but also display great potential in applications with other alkaline ions.

In Situ Co–O Bond Reinforcement of the Artificial Cathode Electrolyte Interphase in Highly Delithiated LiCoO2 for High-Energy-Density Applications

“…This activation behavior comes from the AGACEI rearrangement of capturing Li + by the carbonyl groups. Many literature studies have published that this carbonyl group not only provides high ionic transport but also delivers capacity in accepting alkaline or alkali-earth metal ions for energy storage. − The second is the inhibition of electrolyte decomposition on the surface, which avoids the formation of low ionic conductivity compounds like LiF and LiOH. In Figure , the XPS results demonstrate that AGACEI@LiCoO 2 shows low intensity of O 1s and F 1s spectra correlated to those compounds aforementioned; this will be discussed in the next part.…”

Lithium and Potassium Cations Affect the Performance of Maleamate-Based Organic Anode Materials for Potassium- and Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…Figure 7d reveals that signals appeared for C-O (534.21 eV) [40] and C=O (532.5 eV) bonds [41] in the O 1s spectrum recorded prior to cycling; after 200 cycles, the signal for the C-O bonds shifted slightly to lower binding energy, suggesting that a doping reaction had occurred with Li + [41]. The transformation of N-C=O to N-C-OK in the charging process was evidenced by a peak at 531.7 eV peak in the O 1s spectrum in Figure S4c, revealing that K + ions had been reacted with oxygen anions.…”

Capacity-prediction models for organic anode-active materials of lithium-ion batteries: advances in predictors using small data

“…Model G3 was constructed using the training data (training dataset G3) containing 17 x n (n = 1-5, 16,20,21,23,25,[28][29][30][31][32][33]36 1) by SpM-S (Tables S5 and S6 in the ESI †). The measured specific capacity of new compounds was added to dataset G3 (# in Table 1 and Fig.…”

“…superlithiation, drastically enhancing specific capacity. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29] Although p-conjugated molecules have potential for superlithiation, not all such compounds show high specific capacity. In recent years, known compounds with high specific capacity were introduced into polymers and covalent organic frameworks to enhance performance.…”