Synthesis and characterization of CNTs using polypropylene waste as precursor

Present Advancement in Production of Carbon Nanotubes and Their Derivatives from Industrial Waste with Promising Applications

“…Even though recycling rates for waste plastics have recently increased there is still a large remaining amount which ends up by being unsustainably disposed in landfill sites (Zhang et al, 2008;Mishra et al, 2012;Bajad et al, 2015;Nahil et al, 2015). In almost every country, the governmental sector has enforced more serious criteria for such industrial waste handling, such as limitation or avoidance of landfilling while encouraging promotion of waste management techniques are provided.…”

“…If a feasible process could be developed for transforming those available carbon-rich wastes into high value-added products like CNTs, economic benefits could be made through simultaneously solving the plastic wastes and CNT production shortcomings. It seems that the amount of published studies attempting to synthesize CNTs from such industrial wastes were scattered and limited because most of them were exclusive projects or (Bai et al, 2003;Lee et al, 2003;Chaisitsak et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2008;Gong et al, 2014;Bajad et al, 2015). Furthermore, regarding to a common issue on using specific reactor system which would be promising for scalable production, some typical reports available in the public domain could be summarized in Table 2.…”

“…Consequently it has driven increasing attentions of research and development teams in various countries to propose and investigate novel methodologies to utilize such industrial waste. Instead of using as alternative energy sources to reduce environmental problems from such industrial waste, their usage for production of carbonaceous nanomaterials has been examined via various routes, such as catalytic pyrolysis, hydrothermal treatment and so on (Afre et al, 2006;Liu et al, 2006;Vijayaraghavan and Stevenson, 2007;Zhang et al, 2008;Charinpanitkul et al, 2009a;Zhuo et al, 2010;Alves et al, 2011;Li et al, 2012;Mishra et al, 2012;Sano et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2012;Bajad et al, 2015).…”

“…Meanwhile, it has been well accepted that utilization of alternative carbon sources available in gas, liquid, or solid phase by introducing over catalytic substrates or pre-mixing with catalyst supply would possibly increase production yield, improve CNT quality, or minimize the amount of expensive catalyst usage Vijayaraghavan and Stevenson, 2007;Yuan et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2008;Zhang et al, 2008;Quan et al, 2010;Zhuo et al, 2010;Alves et al, 2011;Sano et al, 2012;Li et al, 2012;Mishra et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2012;Sawant et al, 2013;Bajad et al, 2015). High purity carbon sources (> 99.9 %), such as CO, CO 2 , alcohols, and various hydrocarbons (methane, ethylene, acetylene, n-butane, hexane, benzene, toluene, xylene) have been extensively utilized for synthesizing CNTs with specific know-how relevant to synthesizing and purifying parameters which are synthesizing temperature and pressure, residence time in reactors, ratio of carbon source to catalyst and so on.…”

“…plastics wastes), food wastes, and low value-added industrial by-products (red oil, glycerol, slop oil). Instead of using as alternative energy sources, such industrial wastes or by-products could be considered as one of good alternatives for production of carbonaceous nanomaterials Vijayaraghavan and Stevenson, 2007;Yuan et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2008;Quan et al, 2010;Zhuo et al, 2010;Alves et al, 2011;Li et al, 2012;Yang et al, 2012;Altalhi et al, 2013;Acomb et al, 2014;Gong et al, 2014;Bajad et al, 2015). Table 2 summarizes some previous works which have made use of industrial waste as raw material for production of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and derivatives.…”