Synthesis and Characterization of Cross-linked Sulfonated Polystyrene Nanoparticles

Abstract

Cross-linked polystyrene particles have applications in many fields such as ion exchange columns, fuel cell membranes, and catalysis, to name a few. Synthesis of these particles in smaller sizes offers various advantages due to the increased specific surface area. Polystyrene nanoparticles having volume-equivalent diameters in the range of 40-60 nm were synthesized using emulsion polymerization. Emulsifier-free synthesis was also employed, yielding particles in the size range of 80-90 nm. Sodium styrene sulfonate (NaSS) was used an emulsifying comonomer, and divinyl benzene (DVB) was used as a cross-linking agent. The average particle diameter increased with increasing DVB concentration in the feed. By increasing the NaSS content in the feed from 4 to 28 wt %, the ion exchange capacity of the cross-linked polystyrene particles increased from 0.05 to 2.2 meq/g. The presence of SO 3 Na groups in the cross-linked polystyrene particles was also confirmed by using FT-IR, and the intensity of the peaks at 1040 and 1182 cm -1 increased with increasing NaSS concentration in the feed.

Characterization of random and multiblock copolymers of highly sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) for a proton‐exchange membrane

“…15,16 The water uptake was measured by a weight difference methodology. A wet membrane, which was soaked in deionized water for at least 24 h, was weighed, dried in a vacuum oven at 100 C for 24 h, and then weighed again.…”

Effect of addition of organic microspheres on proton conductivity property of sulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) membrane

“…PSSA microspheres show a peak around 1040 cm 21 due to the symmetric stretching vibration of the SO 3 group and a relatively broad peak around 1182 cm 21 due to the asymmetric vibration of the SO 3 group. 13 For both two samples, a broad peak was detected at $ 3400 cm 21 . This has been ascribed to stretching modes of hydroxyl groups of À ÀSO 3 H groups and water molecules retained by the samples.…”

“…13 The styrene and divinyl benzene mixtures (the weight ratio was 95 : 5) were dispersed in an aqueous solution (25 wt %) containing 7 wt % sodium dodecyl sulfate as a surfactant and 0.45 wt % ammonium peroxodisulfate as an initiator. The reaction was carried out in a 250-mL three-necked flask for 6 h in 808C with the bubbling of nitrogen gas.…”

“…Microspheres (0.1 g) were equilibrated in a large excess of 1 mol/L NaCl solution at room temperature for 24 h. The suspension was then titrated with 0.01 mol/L NaOH solution by using phenolphthalein as an indicator. 13,14 Membrane IEC and water uptake IEC of the membrane was determined by the similar method as mentioned earlier. The water uptake was measured by a weight difference methodology.…”

Preparation of poly(methyl methacrylate) nano-latexes via UV irradiation in the presence of iron aqueous solution

“…They have various applications in a broad range of fields, such as optics catalysis, microelectronics, coatings, adhesives, biology, medicines, etc. [1][2][3][4][5][6] For most acrylate ester monomers, a suitable surfactant concentration was achieved to enhance a colloidal stability to the small latex particles and prevent coagulation even at low surfactant concentration. For certain partly hydrophilic monomers, Bhawal et al and Pokhriyal et al [7][8][9][10] were able to yield stable translucent nano-sized latexes (30-50 nm) by emulsion polymerization.…”