Based on the existing reports regarding the antiplatelet aggregation activity of hydrazone derivatives, a series of indole hydrazone derivatives were considered as potential antiplatelet agents and synthesized. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by spectral data and elemental analysis. The new indole hydrazone derivatives were evaluated for their ability to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA). Compounds 1h and 3h exhibited remarkable activity against arachidonic acid induced platelet aggregation with IC 50 values comparable to that of indomethacin and compound 1i efficiently inhibited platelet aggregation induced by both ADP and AA.Key words antiplatelet aggregation; indole; hydrazone Thromboembolic disorders including cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events continue to be the major causes of death in the industrial countries and worldwide.1) In the pathogenesis of thromboembolic disorders, platelets play the major role. Activation of the platelets by a complex of biochemical pathways and multitude of mediators is the primary step in the progress of these diseases.2) Of the physiological agonists of platelet aggregation with medical importance include arachidonic acid (AA) that is metabolized by platelet cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) to different prostaglandins with inflammatory and platelet-aggregation properties; adenosine diphosphate (ADP) that acts on purinergic receptors on the platelet-known as P2Y receptors-and thrombin, a potent agonist that forms stable platelet aggregates.
2,3)By targeting the pathways in which the above mentioned mediators are involved, antiplatelet drugs have been developed to control the pathogenic activation of the platelets. Acetyl salicylic acid (a nonselective irreversible COX inhibitor) and clopidogrel (an irreversible antagonist of P2Y 12 ) are the most commonly prescribed oral antiplatelet drugs to date. However, use of these drugs is associated with a high risk of bleeding.
4)Also undesired complications of neutropenia and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) pose limitation on the use of clopidogrel. 4,5) Besides, resistance to both drugs makes the antiplatelet therapy more complicated. 6) Hence, research for novel antiplatelet drugs with improved safety and efficacy profiles is necessary.Hydrazones are an important class of compounds which have been demonstrated to possess antimicrobial, analgesic, antiinflamatory, anticonvulsant, antitubercular, antitumoral and antiplatelet activities. 7) Many evidences suggest that the hydrazone moiety possess a pharmacophoric character for the inhibition of COX and thus antiplatelet aggregation activity. Fraga et al., have reported a novel group of heterocyclic acylhydrazone derivatives with antiplatelet aggragation activity on rabbit platelet-rich plasma. 8) They also reported a group of phenothiazine-1-acylhydrazone derivatives 9) as new prototype of antiplatelet derivatives which act in the arachidonic acid pathway probably by inhibition of platelet C...