Synthesis and characterization of glucosamine modified poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels via photopolymerization

Abstract

This study presented the synthesis and characterization of glucosamine (GlcN) modified poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels. The chemical structure was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectroscopy. The morphology of hydrogels was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results indicated that GlcN was successfully incorporated into PEG hydrogel network. Moreover, the data of the swelling ratio showed that the ratio of GlcN-modified PEG hydrogels was lower than that of pure poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylated (PEGDA). Biocompatibility of unreacted GlcN monomer and GlcN-modified hydrogels was also evaluated in vitro. Compared with glucosamine hydrochloride, 2 and 5 mM N-acroloyl-glucosamine monomer exhibited no toxicity against bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), while with the concentration increased to 10 mM, cell viability appeared to decrease. However, when BMSCs were encapsulated in GlcN-modified hydrogels via photopolymerization method, cells remained vigorous viability. Metabolic activity of the encapsulated cells demonstrated GlcN-modified hydrogels was favorable for cell proliferation. Compared with free GlcN, covalent binding GlcN showed lower cytotoxicity and higher cell proliferation properties. As a result, GlcN-modified PEGDA hydrogels could be used as safe and injectable cell carriers for in situ tissue engineering applications.

Exfoliated and functionalized boron nitride nanosheets towards improved fire resistance and water tolerance of intumescent fire retardant coating

“…As shown in Figure 4, the backside temperature reached up to 161°C when the optimal sample was exposed to fire for 15 min, and then it was only increased by 24°C till the end of the test. It was inferred that the fire retardant ingredients in optimal coating jointly promoted the formation of a protective char layer in initial stage, and then this char effectively suppressed the heat transfer and protected the underlying steel until the test was finished 39,40 …”

Determination of glucosamine and its derivatives released from photocrosslinked gelatin hydrogels using HPLC

“…Since glucosamine is a precursor for glycosaminoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans are a major component of joint cartilage, supplemental glucosamine may help to rebuild cartilage and treat arthritis (Kumar et al ., ). In our previous work and the research of other teams (Suo et al ., ; Wang et al ., ), photocrosslinked hydrogels with glucosamine were developed to inject in situ . The synthesized GelMA and AGA were identified and determined by proton NMR in our previous work and the molecular weight of AGA was identified by ESI‐MS with the result of 256.1 Da.…”

“…AGA was synthesized as described previously (Suo et al ., ; Wang et al ., ). Briefly, d‐glucosamine hydrochloride was reacted with acryloyl chloride under vigorous stirring at 0–4°C for 4 h. The crude product was further purified by column chromatography on silica gel with a methanol/ethyl acetate mixture as eluent (20:80, v/v).…”

“…To overcome this problem, the method of controlled release of glucosamine in situ is proposed. In the research of Wang's team, GlcN was modified with acryloyl chloride and covalently grafted on polyethylene glycol chain (Wang et al ., ). In our previous work, a hybrid hydrogel of N ‐acryloyl‐glucosamine (AGA) and gelatin was developed to be injected onto the cartilage defect and solidified using ultraviolet photocrosslinking (Suo et al ., ).…”

Composite effect of silica nanoparticle on the mechanical properties of cellulose‐based hydrogels derived from cottonseed hulls

“…Hydrogels are composed of three‐dimensional networks of hydrophilic polymers and are able to absorb a large amount of water while maintaining their structure . According to the source, hydrogels can be classified into two groups derived from natural polymers such as hyaluronate, alginate, starch, gelatin, cellulose, chitin, and chitosan and from synthetic polymer poly(ethylene glycol), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(amido‐amine), poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide), polyacrylamide, and poly(acrylic acid) . Among natural polymers, it has seen attractive that cellulose is an environmentally sustainable material having wide applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery, macroporous, luminescent hydrogel, agriculture, superabsorbent, and chromatographic support.…”