Transpiration cooling system in hypersonic vehicles still remains a challenge due to the limitations of observing permeability and microstructure evolution of porous medium lled with coolant. To tackle this problem, a novel compression-permeation device is designed with high-resolution X-ray tomography system, and then an investigation on permeability evolution mechanism of a C/SiC porous ceramic under pressure is performed using in-situ X-ray imaging and the compression-permeation device. The experimental results indicate that the pore-space uid ow is displayed in terms of three-dimensional streamlines, making the permeability mechanism clear. Meanwhile the porosity along the thickness of ceramic under pressure has been obtained by synchrotron tomography testing, and it is also veri ed that the porosity of C/SiC ceramic fabricated in our research group is basically uniform (>95.4%) along the thickness. Furthermore, we have found the evolution rule for permeability of porous ceramic with water, which depends on the variation of its microstructure under different loads.