Synthesis and characterization of Na2Ti6O13 and Na2Ti6O13/Na2Ti3O7 sodium titanates with nanorod-like structure as negative electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries

Čech, Ondřej; Částková, Klára; Chladil, Ladislav; Dohnal, P.; Čudek, Pavel; Libich, Jiří; Vanýsek, Petr

doi:10.1016/j.est.2017.07.008

Cited by 42 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…These materials possess a structure consisting of edge and corner TiO 6 octahedral in units of (Ti 3 O 7 ) 2− layers held together by different ions forming layered tunnels [12]. More importantly, their higher efficiencies in the photo-induced processes [13,14], lithium batteries [15,16], chemical adsorption [17,18], and biomedics [19,20], have been attributed to this crystalline arrangement. Some of the most reported alkali titanates based on Na, K, and Rb have been evaluated in the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction under UV-Vis irradiation, being the Na titanates the most efficient photocatalysts under different reaction conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Using Bi-Metallic (Ni/Pt) Na2Ti3O7 Whiskers: Effect of the Deposition Order

et al. 2019

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Photocatalytic hydrogen production through ethanol photo-reforming using Na2Ti3O7 whiskers increases if the sodium titanate is decorated with well-known metallic catalysts such as Ni and Pt. Whereas wet impregnation with nickel gives only a slight increase in the activity, photo-deposition of Pt increased the H2 production by more than one order of magnitude. Through the combination of both co-catalysts (Ni and Pt) a superior performance in terms of H2 production is further observed. However, hydrogen yield is largely enhanced (almost three-fold), up to 778 μmol·g−1·h−1, if the Pt is photo-deposited on the surface of the catalyst before wet impregnation with Ni species (NTO/Pt/Ni) compared to H2 yield (283 μmol·g−1·h−1) achieved with the catalyst prepared in the reverse order (NTO/Ni/Pt). Structural, morphological, optical, and chemical characterization was carried out in order to correlate physicochemical properties with their photocatalytic activity. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show a higher concentration of Pt2+ species if this metallic layer is under the nickel oxide layer. Moreover, X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) show that Na2Ti3O7 surface is modified for both metal decoration processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Using Bi-Metallic (Ni/Pt) Na2Ti3O7 Whiskers: Effect of the Deposition Order

et al. 2019

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“…The use of TiOSO 4 as precursor, fully immersed in a basic environment constituted by an oxysulfate flux, allows the enhanced growth of long Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 nanorods and leads to a highly pure material avoiding the formation of rutile or/and of different sodium titanate structures as described in other works. [ 20,21,30,31,37,48 ] In addition, our novel approach leads to high‐purity NTO nanorods without posttreatments. Furthermore, their shape is homogeneous (see Figure 4) and no nanoparticles are detected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different synthesis routes, notably solid‐state reaction and hydrothermal [ 27–34 ] and sonochemical [ 35 ] synthesis, have been applied to tailor the structure and morphology of sodium titanates with the aim of improving their electrochemical performance. NTO was produced by solid‐state reaction [ 36–39 ] of anatase with Na 2 CO 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[24] Thus, they are promising candidates for SIB anode materials, as they are not synthesized with Li-containing compounds and do not suffer the outgassing behavior due to impurities typical for Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 . [25,26] Different synthesis routes, notably solid-state reaction and hydrothermal [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] and sonochemical [35] synthesis, have been applied to tailor the structure and morphology of sodium titanates with the aim of improving their electrochemical performance. NTO was produced by solid-state reaction [36][37][38][39] of anatase with Na 2 CO 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Towards a Greener and Scalable Synthesis of Na₂Ti₆O₁₃ Nanorods and Their Application as Anodes in Batteries for Grid‐Level Energy Storage

et al. 2020

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Grid applications require high power density (for frequency regulation, load leveling, and renewable energy integration), achievable by combining multiple batteries in a system without strict high capacity requirements. For these applications however, safety, cost efficiency, and the lifespan of electrode materials are crucial. Titanates, safe and longevous anode materials providing much lower energy density than graphite, are excellent candidates for this application. The innovative molten salt synthesis approach proposed in this work provides exceptionally pure Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 nanorods generated at 900-1100 C in a yield ≥80 wt%. It is fast, costefficient, and suitable for industrial upscaling. Electrochemical tests reveal stable performance providing capacities of %100 mA h g À1 (Li) and 40 mA h g À1 (Na). Increasing the synthesis temperature to 1100 C leads to a capacity decrease, most likely resulting from 1) the morphology/volume change with the synthesis temperature and 2) distortion of the Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 tunnel structure indicated by electron energy-loss and Raman spectroscopy. The suitability of pristine Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 as the anode for grid-level energy storage systems has been proven a priori, without any performance-boosting treatment, indicating considerable application potential especially due to the high yield and low cost of the synthesis route.

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“…Thus, an energy miser preparation route of battery materials is important. In recent years, NTO has been prepared by various methods such as hydrothermal method [37][38][39], mixing the precursor in agate mortar [40], heat treatment using autoclave [41] and even involving sonochemical method [42]. The hydrothermal method and autoclave heating process involve heat treatment in lower temperature for several hours in the initial stage, followed by annealing at higher temperature for shorter duration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sonochemically synthesized Na2Ti6O13 nanorod: an efficient electrode material for Na-ion battery

Ghosh

2020

Bull Mater Sci

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A simple cost-effective wet synthesis route has been proposed for synthesis of Na 2 Ti 6 O 13 , which is an efficient anode material that can be used for 1-3 volt batteries. The material has been synthesized by sonochemical route, which offers two distinct features: (1) energy-savvy (green) synthesis by significantly lowering the final calcination temperature and duration, and (2) formation of uniform and nano-scale particles suitable for battery application. The sonochemical synthesis was carried out at 20 kHz-500 W by applying sonication for 30 min at 25°C, using precursors (NaOH:TiO 2) in a molar ratio of 6:1 followed by calcination at 750°C for 1 h in air. This material showed excellent reversible electrochemical performance (up to 93% retention) and offers reversible capacity around 40 mAh g-1 acting to be 0.82 V anode for Na-ion battery.

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Synthesis and characterization of Na2Ti6O13 and Na2Ti6O13/Na2Ti3O7 sodium titanates with nanorod-like structure as negative electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries

Cited by 42 publications

References 25 publications

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Using Bi-Metallic (Ni/Pt) Na2Ti3O7 Whiskers: Effect of the Deposition Order

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Using Bi-Metallic (Ni/Pt) Na2Ti3O7 Whiskers: Effect of the Deposition Order

Towards a Greener and Scalable Synthesis of Na₂Ti₆O₁₃ Nanorods and Their Application as Anodes in Batteries for Grid‐Level Energy Storage

Sonochemically synthesized Na2Ti6O13 nanorod: an efficient electrode material for Na-ion battery

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Synthesis and characterization of Na2Ti6O13 and Na2Ti6O13/Na2Ti3O7 sodium titanates with nanorod-like structure as negative electrode materials for sodium-ion batteries

Cited by 42 publications

References 25 publications

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Using Bi-Metallic (Ni/Pt) Na2Ti3O7 Whiskers: Effect of the Deposition Order

Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Using Bi-Metallic (Ni/Pt) Na2Ti3O7 Whiskers: Effect of the Deposition Order

Towards a Greener and Scalable Synthesis of Na2Ti6O13 Nanorods and Their Application as Anodes in Batteries for Grid‐Level Energy Storage

Sonochemically synthesized Na2Ti6O13 nanorod: an efficient electrode material for Na-ion battery

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Towards a Greener and Scalable Synthesis of Na₂Ti₆O₁₃ Nanorods and Their Application as Anodes in Batteries for Grid‐Level Energy Storage