Synthesis and characterization of novel twin‐tailed hydrophobically associated copolymers and their applications to Cr(III) removal from aqueous solutions

Kuang, Wei; Gao, Chuanwei

doi:10.1002/app.41028

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This is further evidence of successful modification of the polymers . For HMWSP the maximum concentration that is typically employed is 5 mol % . However, we modified polymers to 20 mol % to try to react all of the carboxylate groups to generate copolymers containing acrylamide and the functionalized group.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Synthetic water‐soluble polymers have been used for a number of years as viscosity enhancers in a broad number of industrial applications including paint formulations, foods, water purification, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, drilling fluids, enhanced oil recovery, hydraulic fracturing and drag reducing agents . Polymers based on acrylamide (PAM) are the most extensively studied group of synthetic water‐soluble polymers so they are commercially available in large quantities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These issues can be overcome by synthesizing specialized classes of PAM‐based polymers such as hydrophobically modified water‐soluble polymers (HMWSPs). HMWSPs are ionic or neutral polymers containing a small amount of hydrophobic groups (up to 5 mol %) . The hydrophobic groups impart unique properties as they tend to associate with each other forming intra‐ or intermolecular aggregates which causes a significant increase in the viscosity of the solution .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Libraries of modified polyacrylamides using post‐synthetic modification

Silveira

Sheng

Tian

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polyacrylamide-based (PAM) polymers are the most widely used synthetic water-soluble polymer so they are applied in a range of industries. However, they suffer from a number of limitations which requires the development of synthetic routes that can accurately control polymer structure and hence function. This study describes a carbodiimide mediated coupling reaction (CMC) that is used to generate modified polyacrylamide (PAM) including hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers (HMWSP). The reaction proceeds efficiently in water and does not require organic solvents or high temperatures. The approach is flexible due to the efficiency of the CMC reaction allowing for accurate control over polymer structure and function. This is confirmed using acid-base titration, spectroscopy, viscometry, and rheology. The viscosity of the polymers varies over a broad range with those containing larger hydrophobic group (dodecyl) showing the highest viscosity. The hydrophobicity of the pendent group determines how it influences viscosity and using this new synthetic approach polymer with the same molecular weight can be compared. Linear hydrocarbon pendent groups are more hydrophobic than the cyclic versions resulting in higher viscosity. However, the spatial arrangement of the pendent group (linear or cyclic) also affects the viscosity at higher pendent group contents. The number of modified PAMs that can be generated is expansive because the approach works with a number of different functional groups and base polymers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Libraries of modified polyacrylamides using post‐synthetic modification

Silveira

Sheng

Tian

et al. 2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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show abstract

“…However, polyacrylamide-based polymers are sensitive to mechanical degradation in environments with high temperature, shear, or in the presence of electrolytes [2], making a great effort necessary for the synthesis of their derivatives, aiming to overcome this limitation, with emphasis on the known hydrophobically modified watersoluble polymers (HMWSP). HMWSP are amphiphilic copolymers consisting of a large hydrophilic portion in the chain and a small hydrophobic portion, with an incorporation limit of less than 5 mol% [3]. The hydrophobic groups incorporated into the macromolecule can promote a significant increase in viscosity, as they tend to associate, pushing away water molecules and generating intra or intermolecular aggregates in solution [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Machine Learning Approaches in Predicting Viscosity for Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide Derivatives

Da Silveira,

Siqueira,

Gama

et al. 2023

VETOR

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Partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamides (HPAM) are widely used to modulate the viscosity of formulations. The appropriate application of a viscosity model can facilitate the idealization of new macromolecules and contribute to a better understanding of the structure-property relationship. In the present study, machine learning approaches, Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) and Random Forest (RF), were compared to model the viscosifying effect of HPAM derivatives, based on their chemical composition and concentration in an aqueous solution. The evaluated data come from a previous experimental study, which explores a post-synthetic polymer modification methodology. The relative importance of the variables was investigated, determining the features with the greatest influence on viscosity, including variations in chemical composition, with emphasis on the more hydrophobic groups (C7 and C12). The accuracy of the models was evaluated using statistical criteria, the coefficient of determination (R2) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). The Random Forest approach outperformed Multiple Linear Regression, with values of 0.97 and 0.30 for R2 and RMSE, respectively, compared to 0.83 and 0.67 for Multiple Linear Regression. Applying the Random Forest model, it was possible to generate a set of hypothetical macromolecules, with potential viscosifying effects. These macromolecules were idealized focusing on mixed compositions of C7 and C12 with a maximum structural variation of 10 mol%. Additionally, this structural mapping provided insights for designing promising polymers by inserting cyclic structures, such as CYCLOPROP, which could overcome the solubility limitation observed in the literature.

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“…Due to their properties in aqueous solution, which are caused by the interaction of intramolecular and intermolecular chains between the hydrophobic groups, they are widely used in oil and gas development, engineering materials, industrial coatings, sewage sludge, and drug controlled release [1,2], but their properties and structures can be greatly affected by salinity and temperature. Most studies have only revealed the effect of salinity on the viscosity of polymer solutions, but the effects on the microstructure and other rheological properties have rarely been reported [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Hydrophobic Associating Polymer with Good Salt Tolerance

et al. 2018

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Abstract:A hydrophobic associating polymer named DiPHAM (acrylamide/sodium acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic/sodium acrylate/N,N-di-n-dodecylacrylamide) with good salt tolerance was synthesized via photo-initiation polymerization. The critical association concentration (CAC) of DiPHAM was determined by viscosity changes to be 490 mg/L with different DiPHAM concentrations and particle sizes varied under such dynamic conditions. The influences of aqueous metal ions with different charges on its aqueous solution were investigated by measuring apparent viscosity, viscoelasticity, thixotropy, rheology, and particle size, and by SEM observation. The apparent viscosity of the DiPHAM solution was affected by metal ions to some extent, but the viscosity of the polymer can be still maintained at 55 mPa·s under 20 × 10 4 mg/L NaCl. Divalent metal ions show greater impact on DiPHAM aqueous solutions, but the polymer solutions showed resistance to the changes caused in viscosity, structure, and viscoelasticity by Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions. The salt tolerance of DiPHAM is due to the combination of hydrophobic association, the electrostatic shield, and double layer compression of the hydration shell. Increasing the ion concentration enhances the dehydration and further compresses the hydration shell, making the non-structural viscosity decrease, even "salting out". Measurements of rheological properties showed that DiPHAM solutions could maintain a relatively high viscosity (0.6%-71 mPa·s/0.3%-50 mPa·s) after 120 min of continuous shearing (170 s −1 ) at 140 • C. Under high-salinity (5000 mg/L Ca 2+ /3000 mg/L Mg 2+ ) conditions, the solution with 0.6 wt% DiPHAM still maintained a high viscosity (50 mPa·s/70 mPa·s) after continuously shearing for 120 min at 120 • C and 170 s −1 . The good salt tolerance of DiPHAM can lead to a variety of applications, including in fracturing fluids for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and in sewage treatment.

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Synthesis and characterization of novel twin‐tailed hydrophobically associated copolymers and their applications to Cr(III) removal from aqueous solutions

Cited by 4 publications

References 28 publications

Libraries of modified polyacrylamides using post‐synthetic modification

Libraries of modified polyacrylamides using post‐synthetic modification

A Comparison of Machine Learning Approaches in Predicting Viscosity for Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide Derivatives

Novel Hydrophobic Associating Polymer with Good Salt Tolerance

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