Synthesis and characterization of polypyrrole nanofibers with different dopants

Abstract

Nanostructures of polypyrrole (PPy) were synthesized in the presence of different dopants including hydrochloric acid (HCl), ferric chloride (FeCl 3 ), p-toluene sulfonic acid ( p-TSA), camphor sulfonic acid (CSA), and polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA), using a simple interfacial oxidative polymerization method. The method is a reliable non-template approach with relatively simple instrumentation, ease of synthesis, and economic viability for synthesizing PPy nanostructures. Morphology of synthesized PPy structures was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), which indicate the formation of one-dimensional (1D) nanofibers with average diameter of 75-180 nm. Energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) of the PPy nanofibers indicates the attachment of the dopants to the PPy backbone; the fact is further confirmed by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of PPy nanostructures. Thermal stabilities of the nanostructures explored using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) follow the order PPy-p-TSA > CSA > HCl > FeCl 3 > PSSA. It is noticed that the electrical conductivity (EC) of PPy nanostructures depends upon the nature of dopant (PPy-p-TSA > CSA > HCl > FeCl 3 > PSSA), PPy-p-TSA nanofibers showing the highest EC of 6 T 10 S2 Scm S1 .

Biocompatible PCL/PLGA/Polypyrrole Composites for Regenerating Nerves

“…The TG and their first derivative, that is, differential thermogravimetry (DTG) curves of PPy show three characteristic stages of weight loss with degradation temperature peaks of 51, 190, and 384 °C. In the first stage from 23 to 120 °C, PPy loses 2.3% mass owing to the volatilization of physically adsorbed water molecules and oligomers as well as unreacted monomer elimination . In the second stage from 120 to ≈265 °C, PPy loses a further 4.7% mass owing to the removal of unreacted dopant ions (paratoluene sulfonates) from the PPy surface and the possible production and release of gases.…”

“…In the third stage from 265 to 800 °C, main weight loss of 39.2% corresponding to the maximum degradation temperature of 384 °C occurs owing to the dopant degradation process and breaking of PPy chains. At 989 °C, the residue obtained was 46% relative to PPy that did not degrade …”

“…Polypyrrole fibers (PPy) were synthesized by oxidative chemical polymerization, in aqueous medium at 0 °C, with PTSA as a doping agent (PPy/PTSA) . PCL/PLGA blends films and PCL/PLGA/PPy fibers composites films were prepared by the solvent casting method, in the ratio of PCL/PLGA 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30 (m/m).…”

Electrically Conductive Polystyrene/Polypyrrole Nanocomposites Prepared via Emulsion Polymerization

“…The first weight loss, below 100 C is assigned to evaporation of moisture in the PPy, which is a hygroscopic polymer [47] . The second weight loss, starting at around 160 C and continues to 600 C, could correspond to degradation of dopant, SDS and could also possibly due to a large-scale thermal degradation of the PPy chains [48][49][50] . PPy gave a residue of 51.38% at 600 C and this may be due to carbonization of PPy to form graphitic structures as described elsewhere by other researchers [44,51] .…”

Tungstate and vanadate-doped polypyrrole/aluminum flake composite coatings for the corrosion protection of aluminum 2024-T3

“…64 The nature of dopants also influences the conductivity, mechanical properties, and morphology of PPy. 71,72 Polyhydroxyl sulfonate has been used as a dopant for the synthesis of PPy. It was found that as the concentration of the dopant was increased in the synthesis, the size of resultant PPy decreased.…”