“…ZnO is also employed in diverse applications, including sensors, photocatalysis, solar cells, and three-dimensional (3D) surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy platform applications. ZnO, which can detect UV light ,,,− and various gases, such as H 2 , ,− H 2 S, , O 2 , exhaled breath, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), has been synthesized by various strategies, including thermal oxidation, , wet-chemical processes, , laser-assisted flow deposition, nonhydrolytic aminolysis, hydrothermal methods, ,,, sol–gel methods, electrospinning, solvent casting, and pulsed laser deposition …”