Synthesis and deposition of metal nanoparticles by gas condensation process

Maicu, M.; Schmittgens, Ralph; Hecker, Dominic; Glöß, Daniel; Frach, Peter; Gerlach, Gerald

doi:10.1116/1.4859260

Cited by 28 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…It has previously been reported that an increased flow speed increases the deposition rate of platinum and silver particles, which was attributed to more ejected material at higher flows. 11 This mechanism is consistent with the size trends seen at 177, 215, and 249 Pa, but in contradiction with the opposite trends seen at 107 and 143 Pa. Equation (1) predicts that the partial pressure of oxygen is decreased at higher gas flows.…”

Section: Crosses Represent Where Oxygen Had To Be Introduced In Ordersupporting

confidence: 44%

“…When the gas flow was increased and the pressure was kept constant, there was no increase in the mean nanoparticle size but an increase in the width of the size distribution. Maicu et al 11 utilized a hollow cathode based cluster source where the pressure was increased by adjusting the gas flow. This combined increase in both flow and pressure, increased the nanoparticle size and size distribution.…”

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confidence: 99%

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The influence of pressure and gas flow on size and morphology of titanium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by hollow cathode sputtering

Gunnarsson

Pilch

Boyd

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Physics

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Titanium oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized via sputtering of a hollow cathode in an argon atmosphere. The influence of pressure and gas flow has been studied. Changing the pressure effects the nanoparticle size, increasing approximately proportional to the pressure squared. The influence of gas flow is dependent on the pressure. In the low pressure regime (107 ≤ p ≤ 143 Pa) the nanoparticle size decreases with increasing gas flow, however at high pressure (p = 215 Pa) the trend is reversed. For low pressures and high gas flows it was necessary to add oxygen for the particles to nucleate. There is also a morphological transition of the nanoparticle shape that is dependent on the pressure. Shapes such as faceted, cubic and cauliflower can be obtained.

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Section: Crosses Represent Where Oxygen Had To Be Introduced In Ordersupporting

confidence: 44%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of pressure and gas flow on size and morphology of titanium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by hollow cathode sputtering

Gunnarsson

Pilch

Boyd

et al. 2016

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…It is a low-temperature method that uses polar solvents, which are used under pressure and at above their boiling points. Inert gas condensation (IGC) methods involve evaporation of metals by vacuum chambers filled with inert gas at a typical pressure of 100 Pa. IGC is a highly efficient method for the synthesis of good quality silver and PtNPs [35]. In this method, inter atomic collision occurs between gas atoms within a chamber, and the evaporated metal atoms lose their kinetic energy to condense in the form of a crystal which accumulates in liquid nitrogen.…”

Section: Physical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on the Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Application of Platinum Nanoparticles

et al. 2019

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Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) are noteworthy scientific tools that are being explored in various biotechnological, nanomedicinal, and pharmacological fields. They are unique because of their large surface area and their numerous catalytic applications such as their use in automotive catalytic converters and as petrochemical cracking catalysts. PtNPs have been widely utilized not only in the industry, but also in medicine and diagnostics. PtNPs are extensively studied because of their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties. So far, only one review has been dedicated to the application of PtNPs to nanomedicine. However, no studies describe the synthesis, characterization, and biomedical application of PtNPs. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive assessment of the current knowledge regarding the synthesis, including physical, chemical, and biological and toxicological effects of PtNPs on human health, in terms of both in vivo and in vitro experimental analysis. Special attention has been focused on the biological synthesis of PtNPs using various templates as reducing and stabilizing agents. Finally, we discuss the biomedical and other applications of PtNPs.

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“…Thus the results in the literature cannot be directly compared to the results found here. The observed size increase could be due to a more efficient extraction of sputtered material from the hollow cathode at the higher pressure [50].…”

Section: Size Control By Pressure and Gas Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Titanium oxide nanoparticle production using high power pulsed plasmas

Gunnarsson¹

2016

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This thesis covers fundamental aspects of process control when growing titanium oxide nanoparticles in a reactive sputtering process. It covers the influence of oxygen containing gas on the oxidation state of the cathode from which the growth material is ejected, as well as its influence on the particles oxidation state and their nucleation. It was found that a low degree of reactive gases was necessary for nanoparticles of titanium to nucleate. When the oxygen gas was slightly increased, the nanoparticle yield and particle oxygen content increased. A further increase caused a decrease in particle yield which was attributed to a slight oxidation of the cathode. By varying the oxygen flow to the process, it was possible to control the oxygen content of the nanoparticles without fully oxidizing the cathode. Because oxygen containing gases such as residual water vapour has a profound influence on nanoparticle yield and composition, the deposition source was re-engineered to allow for cleaner and thus more stable synthesis conditions. The size of the nanoparticles has been controlled by two means. The first is to change electrical potentials around the growth zone, which allows for nanoparticle size control in the order of 25-75 nm. This size control does not influence the oxygen content of the nanoparticles. The second means of size control investigated was by increasing the pressure. By doing this, the particle size can be increased from 50 -250 nm, however the oxygen content also increases with pressure. Different particle morphologies were found by changing the pressure. At low pressures, mostly spherical particles with weak facets were produced. As the pressure increased, the particles got a cubic shape. At higher pressures the cubic particles started to get a fractured surface. At the highest pressure investigated, the fractured surface became poly-crystalline, giving a cauliflower shaped morphology.

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Synthesis and deposition of metal nanoparticles by gas condensation process

Cited by 28 publications

References 39 publications

The influence of pressure and gas flow on size and morphology of titanium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by hollow cathode sputtering

The influence of pressure and gas flow on size and morphology of titanium oxide nanoparticles synthesized by hollow cathode sputtering

A Comprehensive Review on the Synthesis, Characterization, and Biomedical Application of Platinum Nanoparticles

Titanium oxide nanoparticle production using high power pulsed plasmas

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