It
is vital to acquire power conversion efficiencies comparable
to other emerging solar cell technologies by making quantum dot-sensitized
solar cells (QDSSCs) competitive. In this study, the effect of graphene
oxide (GO), nitrogen, manganese, and a porphyrin compound on the performance
of QDSSCs based on a TiO2/CdS/ZnS photoanode was investigated.
First, adding GO and nitrogen into TiO2 has a conspicuous
impact on the cell efficacy. Both these materials reduce the recombination
rate and expand the specific surface area of TiO2 as well
as dye loading, reinforcing cell efficiency value. The maximum power
conversion efficiency of QDSSC with a GO N-doped photoelectrode was
2.52%. Second, by employing Mn2+ (5 and 10 wt %) doping
of ZnS, we have succeeded in considerably improving cell performance
(from 2.52 to 3.47%). The reason for this could be for the improvement
of the passivation layer of ZnS by Mn2+ ions, bringing
about to a smaller recombination of photoinjected electrons with either
oxidized dye molecules or electrolyte at the surface of titanium dioxide.
However, doping of 15 wt % Mn2+ had an opposite effect
and somewhat declined the cell performance. Finally, a Zn-porphyrin
dye was added to the CdS/ZnS by a cosensitization method, widening
the light absorption range to the NIR (near-infrared region) (>700
nm), leading to the higher short-circuit current density (J
SC) and cell efficacy. Utilizing an environmentally
safe porphyrin compound into the structure of QDSSC has dramatically
enhanced the cell efficacy to 4.62%, which is 40% higher than that
of the result obtained from the TiO2/CdS/ZnS photoelectrode
without porphyrin coating.