Synthesis and electrochemical performance of the high voltage cathode material Li[Li0.2Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08]O2 with improved rate capability

Recent Developments in Synthesis of xLi2MnO3 · (1 − x)LiMO2 (M = Ni, Co, Mn) Cathode Powders for High-Energy Lithium Rechargeable Batteries

“…Since reactions are controlled by solid-state diffusion, time, and energy consumption are important factors. For preparation of xLi 2 MnO 3 ·(1 − x)LiMO 2 (M = Ni, Co, Mn), the precursors consist of transition metal salts (acetates of Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Mn 2+ ) (Wang et al, 2012;Yu and Zhou, 2012;Yu et al, 2012aYu et al, ,b, 2013a, manganese-nickel-cobalt hydroxides (Kim et al, 2002(Kim et al, , 2004Johnson et al, 2007;Li et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2011;, or carbonates (Deng et al, 2010;Croy et al, 2011;Koenig et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011), and a lithium-containing compound (usually lithium hydroxide). The stoichiometric mixture is initially decomposed at 480-600°C for 3-15 h, then pelletized and calcined at 850-1000°C for 10-24 h in air.…”

“…The stoichiometric mixture is initially decomposed at 480-600°C for 3-15 h, then pelletized and calcined at 850-1000°C for 10-24 h in air. The sample can be rapidly quenched (in air or liquid nitrogen) (Kim et al, 2002;Ito et al, 2008;Wu and Manthiram, 2009;Madhu et al, 2010;Li et al, 2011; or furnace cooled (Wang et al, 2012).…”

“…Scanning electron microscopy images of a typical product is shown in Figure 1 (Li et al, 2011), which represent the non-uniformity of the solidstate synthetic products. The manganese-nickel-cobalt hydroxide precursor is prepared by co-precipitation of transition metal aqueous solutions (nitrate or acetate of Ni 2+ , Co 2+ , Mn 2+ ) in a basic aqueous solution (sodium, potassium, or lithium hydroxide) (Kim et al, 2002;Kang et al, 2006;Johnson et al, 2007Johnson et al, , 2008Park et al, 2007a;Wu and Manthiram, 2009;Li et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2011). In order to prepare the hydroxide precursor with uniform particle size, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and ethylene glycol (EG) are used as dispersants (Xiang et al, 2013).…”

Suppression of Manganese-ion Dissolution by SiO₂ Aerosol Addition from Spray Pyrolyzed Li₂MnO₃-LiMn_1/3Ni_1/3Co_1/3O₂

“…Lithium-rich layered solid solution of Li 2 MnO 3 and LiMO 2 , where M denotes at least one 3d transition metal, has attracted much attention as a cathode material of lithium ion batteries in recent years because they offer high capacities of around 250 mAh g ¹1 within the potential range of 2.0 to 4.8 V (versus Li/Li + ). [1][2][3][4] In the solid solution system, layered xLi 2 MnO 3 -(1 ¹ x)LiMn 0.33 Ni 0.33 Co 0.33 O 2 electrodes have been reported to be promising because of their high capacities. 5 However, the cycle performance of the layered materials is not satisfactory at present.…”

Understanding the Role of Solution Equilibrium and Precipitation Rate on Precursor Composition for Lithium-ion Battery Active Materials

“…Especially with regards to cathode materials, lithium-ion batteries do not have a single material structure or composition that dominates but have many different materials that may be suited to a particular performance or cost objective . Many current and future commercial cathode materials are multicomponent transition metal oxides including LiNiCoAlO2 [17][18][19][20][21] , LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 [13][14][15][16] , LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2, LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]35 , and (x)LiMn2O3(1-x)LiNMC. Many of these materials have been reported to have material structure and electrochemical performance that is highly sensitive to the stoichiometry of the final material.…”