Synthesis and electrochemical study of Mg1.5MnO3: A defect spinel cathode for rechargeable magnesium battery

Abstract

Mg 1.5 MnO 3 , a defect oxide spinel (space group: Fd3m; unit cell: 0.833294nm) of particle size ~100nm derived by the Pechini route was tested as a cathode for rechargeable magnesium battery. Cyclic voltammetry illustrates a reversible reaction occurring in the 0.3-2.0V potential window versus magnesium. The spinel however exhibits a low capacity of ~12.4 mAhg-1 up to 20 cycle when cycled at a current rate of ~C/27. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy surface probe of magnesiated/de-magnesiated electrodes confirms the oxidation state change of Mn during intercalation/de-intercalation of Mg-ion from the Mg 1.5 MnO 3 electrode. The low capacity of Mg 1.5 MnO 3 electrode mainly stem from the kinetic limitation of Mg-ion removal from the defect oxide spinel as the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results of electrodes show that charge transfer resistance, R e increases in de-magnesiated state.

Fervent Hype behind Magnesium Batteries: An Open Call to Synthetic Chemists—Electrolytes and Cathodes Needed

“…Another spinel manganese oxide that has been evaluated for Mg 2+ intercalation capability is the defect spinel material Mg 1.5 MnO 3 which was prepared via aP echini route by Saha et al [93] and cycled in APC/THF electrolyte.H owever, areversible capacity of only about 12.4 mAh g À1 was obtained although av ery high coulombic efficiency of 99.9 %w as measured. Thel ow capacity was attributed to kineticallylimited demagnesiation and formation of ar esistive surface layer on the material which hindered magnesiation.…”

“…Another spinel manganese oxide that has been evaluated for Mg 2+ intercalation capability is the defect spinel material Mg 1.5 MnO 3 which was prepared via a Pechini route by Saha et al . and cycled in APC/THF electrolyte.…”

High-Voltage Aqueous Magnesium Ion Batteries

“…Such rate performance is among the best ever known for all reported magnesium electrodes. 15 , 17 , 18 , 22 , 28 , 49 , 50 It has been reported that the electrode kinetics of polyimide is not limited by the diffusion process, 31 , 51 which should account for the excellent rate. Thus, the above excellent performances of PPMDA@MCNTs in the potential range between 1.7 and 2.2 V make it a perfect anode candidate to couple with LVP in our superconcentrated Mg electrolyte.…”

Exploits, advances and challenges benefiting beyond Li-ion battery technologies

“…The layered TiS 2 /TiS 3 /TiSe 2 [122][123][124], V 2 O 5 [110,[125][126][127] and MoO 3 [126] have been explored demonstrating low to moderate capacities and reversibility. In search for higher capacities, faster intercalation kinetics, and lower migration barriers for Mg 2+ , nanosizing, doping (for example, with H 2 O, F) and creating defects, and forming solid solutions have been undertaken with variable outcomes [128][129][130][131].…”