Synthesis and Electrochemical Study of Three-Dimensional Graphene-Based Nanomaterials for Energy Applications

Abstract

<jats:p>Graphene is an attractive soft material for various applications due to its unique and exclusive properties. The processing and preservation of 2D graphene at large scales is challenging due to its inherent propensity for layer restacking. Three-dimensional graphene-based nanomaterials (3D-GNMs) preserve their structures while improving processability along with providing enhanced characteristics, which exhibit some notable advantages over 2D graphene. This feature article presents recent trends in the fabrication and characterization of 3D-GNMs toward the study of their morphologies, structures, functional groups, and chemical compositions using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Owing to the attractive properties of 3D-GNMs, which include high surface areas, porous structures, improved electrical conductivity, high mechanical strength, and robust structures, they have generated tremendous interest for various applications such as energy storage, sensors, and energy conversion. This article summarizes the most recent advances in electrochemical applications of 3D-GNMs, pertaining to energy storage, where they can serve as supercapacitor electrode materials and energy conversion as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts, along with an outlook.</jats:p>

Recent Developments of Transition Metal Compounds-Carbon Hybrid Electrodes for High Energy/Power Supercapacitors

“…To address the above aggregation issue of graphene, reasonably constructing 3D carbon frameworks, such as 3D porous carbon, 3D graphene building, or 3D cross-linked carbon network, etc., as highly conductive substrates have been raised [62][63][64][65][66][67][68]. These carbon skeletons with unique 3D morphology usually exhibit hierarchical porous structure and ultra-high surface area, which can provide abundant electrolyte ions/electrons transfer channels and sufficient growing space for TMCs.…”

Design and Electrochemical Study of Three-Dimensional Expanded Graphite and Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites Decorated with Pd Nanoparticles for Hydrogen Storage

“…However, the defects generated within the rGO matrix may compromise some of the graphene-like properties. ,, Thus, the density of functionalities and defects of rGO-based surfaces need to be carefully tailored to the specifically intended application. Furthermore, because rGO is a two-dimensional material, individual sheets are prone to restacking and agglomeration due to potent π–π interlayer interactions. − This may compromise the distinct properties of graphene, including its intrinsically high specific surface area, which is the one property that makes graphene-based nanomaterials such an attractive option for hydrogen storage applications. Recent advances have revealed that the development of three-dimensional (3D) graphene with porous structures may suppress the restacking/agglomeration of graphene sheets.…”

Bioelectrocatalysis of Hemoglobin on Electrodeposited Ag Nanoflowers toward H2O2 Detection

“…In the past two decades, there has been a growing interest in the development of H 2 O 2 electrochemical biosensors based on the enzymatic activity of peptide-nanostructure-modified electrodes [ 11 ]. The utilization of nanoparticles (such as Au, Ag, Cu, and Fe) for the creation of nanostructures has received much attention because of their unique morphology, grain size, and physical, electrical, and magnetic properties that make them suitable for application in the fields of drug delivery [ 12 ], optoelectronics [ 13 ], energy storage elements [ 14 ], and microfluidics [ 15 ]. Many efforts have been made to synthesize materials characterized by structural, compositional, and morphological uniformity, with a high surface to volume ratio allowing their application in various emerging fields [ 16 ].…”

“…Nanomaterials 2020, 10, x 2 of 13 [13], energy storage elements [14], and microfluidics [15]. Many efforts have been made to synthesize materials characterized by structural, compositional, and morphological uniformity, with a high surface to volume ratio allowing their application in various emerging fields [16].…”