“…Consequently, ECMs have attracted extensive research attention from researchers since Platt [14] reported the electrochromic phenomenon in dyes. ECMs include inorganic materials, such as metal oxides [15][16][17][18], and organic materials, such as phenothiazine [19][20][21][22][23][24], anthraquinone [25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], viologen [33][34][35][36], thiophene [37][38][39][40], polythiophene [41][42][43][44][45][46][47], polyaniline [48][49][50], polypyrrole [51][52][53][54], and polyimide [55]. Compared with inorganic ECMs, organic ECMs exhibit the unique advantages of high optical contrast, fast switching speed, flexible device fabrication, and a multitude of achievable colors via chemical structure variation.…”