Synthesis and Encapsulation of Ajuga parviflora Extract with Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 and Their Therapeutic Action against G⁺ and G^– Drug-Resistant Bacteria

Abstract

Infectious diseases caused by bacteria have become a public health issue. Antibiotic therapy for infectious disorders, as well as antibiotic overuse, has resulted in antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) possesses a wide surface area, high porosity, variable functionality, and potential drug carriers. We have established a clear method for making a nanoscale APE@ZIF-8 nanocomposite agent with outstanding antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and cephalosporin-carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CCREC). We present a unique approach for encapsulating molecules ofAjuga parviflora extract (APE) with ZIF-8. APE@ZIF-8 has a positive charge. By electrostatic contact with the negatively charged bacterial surface of S. aureus and E. coli, APE@ZIF-8 NPs produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage bacterial cell organelles. As a result, the APE@ZIF-8 nanocomposite offers limitless application potential in the treatment of infectious disorders caused by drug-resistant gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

The Fabrication of Mechanobactericidal Coating and Its Application in Mechanical Sterilization

“…[46] When the nanostructured surface is positively charged, the microbial cell membrane exhibits a stronger electrostatic interaction with the structured surface. [47,48] When the cell membranes of bacteria are pierced by sharp spikes, the leakage of cytoplasm will lead to bacterial lysis and ultimately result in bacterial death. However, lethal stress will occur during the piercing process, triggering the production of ROS, which will induce the self-destruction of bacteria.…”

Biodegradable Microneedle Array-Mediated Transdermal Delivery of Dimethyloxalylglycine-Functionalized Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 Nanoparticles for Bacteria-Infected Wound Treatment

“…As a positively charged fluorescent dye, DiOC 2 (3) accumulates within cells in a charge-dependent manner and shifts its fluorescence spectrum from green to red at high concentrations due to concentration-dependent dye stacking. The results showed that there was a rapid reduction in the bacterial membrane potential (red/green ratio) with the increased concentration of ZIF-8 nanoparticles, which was likely caused by the electrostatic interaction between bacterial cells and Zn-ZIF-8 NPs. , …”

“…The results showed that there was a rapid reduction in the bacterial membrane potential (red/green ratio) with the increased concentration of ZIF-8 nanoparticles, which was likely caused by the electrostatic interaction between bacterial cells and Zn-ZIF-8 NPs. 45,46 Ascertainment of the Antibacterial Mechanism of ZIF-8 Nanocomposites. Encouraged by the above-mentioned antibacterial properties in vitro, we next examined whether our ZIF-8 and DMOG@ZIF-8 could exhibit oxidaselike activities.…”

“…After 30 min coincubation in PBS, we found that the fluorescence intensity of DCFH dispersions was positively correlated to the concentration of the ZIF-8 suspension (Figure 2F), indicating that a higher concentration of ZIF-8 NPs tended to generate a higher concentration of ROS to kill bacteria more efficiently. 47 As the schematic diagram (Figure 2G) showed, the antibacterial mechanisms of Zn-ZIF-8 NPs may include induced ROS generation that leads to oxidative stress 9,47 and disrupted expression of intracellular nucleic acid, 48 electrostatic interaction between positively charged ZIF-8 NPs and negatively charged bacterial cells, 45,46 and damage to some liposomes by the release of imidazole rings. 49 Biocompatibility of ZIF-8 and DMOG@ZIF-8 In Vitro.…”

Telescopic synthesis and encapsulation of anticancer drugs from Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth. with zeolitic imidazole framework‐8

“…The assembly of APE@ZIF‐8 showed outstanding antibacterial activities against methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and cephalosporin‐carbapenem‐resistant E. coli . [ 32 ] Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) were encapsulated with ZIF‐8 materials into biomineralized nanomaterial (GOx&HRP@ZIF‐8/ASO). This resulted in an efficient and synergistic antidrug‐resistant bacteria therapy against E. coli and S. aureus .…”