Synthesis and evaluation of NA-PHEMAH polymer for use as a new stationary phase in high-temperature liquid chromatography

Akay, Sema; Odabaşı, Mehmet; Yang, Yu; Kayan, Berkant

doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2015.07.067

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Advantages of subcritical water chromatography include the elimination of hazardous organic solvents required to separate solutes and its relatively fast analysis time [9][10][11][12]. Recent publications demonstrate a great potential for separation of vanillin and coumarin using subcritical water chromatography [15,19]. As shown in our previous work, vanillin and coumarin were successfully separated using the green subcritical water chromatography technique with only water as the mobile phase on different columns [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Subcritical water acts like a weak polar organic solvent when heated [9][10][11][12]. When subcritical water is used as the mobile phase to achieve chromatographic separation, the process is termed as subcritical water chromatography, and has been found to be a very promising technique [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Advantages of subcritical water chromatography include the elimination of hazardous organic solvents required to separate solutes and its relatively fast analysis time [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stability and Extraction of Vanillin and Coumarin under Subcritical Water Conditions

et al. 2020

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In order to facilitate the development of the green subcritical water chromatography technique for vanillin and coumarin, the stability of the compounds under subcritical water conditions was investigated in this work. In addition, their extraction from natural products was also studied. The stability experiments were carried out by heating the mixtures of vanillin and water or coumarin and water at temperatures ranging from 100 °C to 250 °C, while subcritical water extractions (SBWE) of both analytes from vanilla beans and whole tonka beans were conducted at 100 °C to 200 °C. Analyte quantification for both stability and extraction studies was carried out by HPLC. After heating for 60 min, vanillin was found to be stable in water at temperatures up to 250 °C. While coumarin is also stable at lower temperatures such as 100 °C and 150 °C, it undergoes partial degradation after heating for 60 min at 200 °C and higher. The results of this stability study support green subcritical water chromatographic separation and extraction of vanillin and coumarin at temperatures up to 150 °C. The SBWE results revealed that the extraction efficiency of both analytes from vanilla beans and tonka beans is significantly improved with increasing temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability and Extraction of Vanillin and Coumarin under Subcritical Water Conditions

et al. 2020

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“…An ISCO 260-D syringe pump and a Perkin-Elmer Flexar LC system were combined and converted into a high-temperature liquid chromatograph. The detailed procedures are described in our previous study [18]. Chromatographic separations were achieved on the determined four commercial columns at different temperatures (100, 150, 175, and 200 °C).…”

Section: Chromatographic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composition of mobile phase is another important parameter in separation. Most of the HTLC studies [1,13,18,33] used of water-organic solvent mixtures as mobile phases. This is because the elution strength of pure heated water is not strong enough for analysis most of the non-polar analytes in commercially available reversed-phase columns [33].…”

Section: Influence Of Composition Of Mobile Phase On Separationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is not widely applied in analysis of pharmaceuticals due to limited availability of thermally stable stationary phases at elevated temperature [15]. But, in a series of papers, Yang et al [3,7,[16][17][18] concluded that the results obtained by a long-term stability study are quite encouraging. With the help of newly developed stationary phases that are thermally more stable and reliable, liquid chromatographic separations may be Terra MS C18 100 4.6 3.5 125 Hybrid silica Zorbax-SB C18 150 4.6 5 80 Porous silica Alltima C18 150 4.6 5 100 Spherical silica Phenyl Hypersil 150 4.6 5 120 Porous silica carried out at elevated temperatures without decomposition of the packing materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simultaneous determination of citalopram, paroxetine, fluoxetine, and sertraline by high-temperature liquid chromatography

Akay

Kayan

2018

Eur J Chem

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A lack of serotonin in the brain is associated with depression. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are widely used to help treat depression and associated symptoms. A method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of SSRIs by high-temperature liquid chromatography (HTLC). Citalopram, paroxetine, fluoxetine, and sertraline compounds, which are widely used as antidepressant active agents, have been chosen as SSRIs. The separation of the SSRIs have been carried out by using four different column types, including XTerra MS C18, Zorbax SB-Phenyl, Alltima C18 and Phenyl Hypersil columns, and their chromatographic performances have been evaluated. The best separation has been obtained on the Zorbax SB-Phenyl column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) among the four different columns studied. The separation temperature and the composition of mobile phase were examined for the optimization of chromatographic separation. Chromatographic separation of SSRIs has been carried out at temperatures ranging from 100 to 200 °C with variable flow rates (0.5-1.5 mL/min). Water:acetonitrile:acetic acid mixtures containing with 10 or 20% acetonitrile and 2% acetic acid have been used as mobile phase. The best separation was observed at volume ratio of 78:20:2 (water:acetonitrile:acetic acid) at elevated temperature on the Zorbax SB-Phenyl column. The wavelength of UV detector was set at 254 nm. All four analytes were eluted within 8 min at 200 °C. At the end of working, it was observed that the retention times of all four analytes decreased with increasing temperature and was stated that the temperature was an effective parameter for chromatographic separation. Furthermore, the relationship between retention factor and separation temperature was examined using Van’t Hoff plots and the results demonstrated with correlation coefficient greater than 0.91 on Zorbax SB Phenyl column. Consequently, the proposed HTLC method for separation and analysis of SSRIs may be used as a green alternative technique.

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Exploring the green frontier: Subcritical water chromatography for sustainable analytical practices

Bocian,

Dembek,

Kalisz

2024

J of Separation Science

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Water in the subcritical state is characterized by properties significantly different from water under standard conditions. These include low viscosity, low surface tension, and a much lower dielectric constant, increasing the solubility of nonpolar substances. For this reason, it can provide an alternative solvent and be used in chromatographic techniques—subcritical water chromatography (SBWC). SBWC appears to be one of the greenest analytical techniques until we unravel chromatography with pure water at room temperature. The versatility of SBWC is explored through its applications in the separation and analysis of a wide range of compounds, including pharmaceuticals, natural products, etc. The use of subcritical water as a mobile phase requires suitable stable stationary phases and special apparatus. Still, it makes it possible to conduct analyses without using organic solvents. When using this technique, it is important to remember that it suits the analysis of thermally stable substances. The following work is a critical review of developments in SBWC.

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Synthesis and evaluation of NA-PHEMAH polymer for use as a new stationary phase in high-temperature liquid chromatography

Cited by 13 publications

References 27 publications

Stability and Extraction of Vanillin and Coumarin under Subcritical Water Conditions

Stability and Extraction of Vanillin and Coumarin under Subcritical Water Conditions

Simultaneous determination of citalopram, paroxetine, fluoxetine, and sertraline by high-temperature liquid chromatography

Exploring the green frontier: Subcritical water chromatography for sustainable analytical practices

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