Synthesis and flocculation behavior of cationic konjac glucomannan containing quaternary ammonium substituents

Abstract

A quaternary ammonium derivative of konjac glucomannan (KGM) was prepared by a dry process from KGM and 2,3-epoxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride. We determined the optimization of the experimental conditions by studying on the effects of the water amount, alkaline catalyst amount, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the degree of substitution. In addition, the flocculation characteristics of the cationic derivative of KGM were evaluated in a 1.0% kaolin suspension with spectrophotometry via investigation of the influence of the flocculant amount, pH, salt concentration, temperature, and settling time on the flocculation. The results show that the synthesized cationic KGM could potentially be used as a high-performance flocculating agent.

Flocculation properties of biodegradable amphoteric chitosan-based flocculants

“…Recently, research on natural polymeric flocculants, including starch [9], chitosan [10,11], cellulose [12], konjac glucomannan [13], alginate [14] and so on, have been given more attentions due to their characteristics of low dosage requirement, environmental friendliness, renewability, and availability compared with the traditional flocculants [15,16]. Chitosan, i.e., d-glucosamine and N-acetyl-d-glucosamin deacetylated from chitin (the secondmost-abundant natural polymer in the world), is one of the most promising candidates.…”

Studies on the cationization of agarose

“…Groups containing amino or ammonium functions have been introduced in a variety of polysaccharides such as starch, 1-4 dextrans, 5,6 cellulosic derivatives, 7-9 hemicelluloses, 10,11 chitosan, 12,13 chitin, 14 konjac glucomannan, 15,16 and guar gum. 17,18 As a consequence of their properties, low cost, biodegradability, and low toxicity, cationic polyelectrolytes derived from those natural products have found a place in many diverse areas.…”

“…Etherification reactions with 2-hydroxy-3-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)propyl groups [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] have been commonly used to achieve cationization over the last few years. This cationization can be obtained by the reaction of different polysaccharides with 2,3-epoxypropyltrymethylammonium chloride (EPTAC).…”

Synthesis of a novel water-soluble chitosan derivative for flocculated decolorization

“…At present, development of more effective, safer and cheaper flocculants is still in expectation. Natural biomaterials such as polysaccharides have attracted more interests because of their non-toxic, renewable, biodegradable and cost-effective aspects [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”