Synthesis and Hydrodesulfurization Properties of Noble Metal Phosphides: Ruthenium and Palladium

Bowker, Richard H.; Smith, Mica C.; Carrillo, Bo A.; Bussell, Mark E.

doi:10.1007/s11244-012-9887-y

Cited by 47 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…However, other palladium phosphides (Pd6P and Pd3P) were also present in this catalyst. After reduction at 600 , the Pd3P phase was obtained from NH4H2PO2 precursor (P/Pd 1.2) 73) . On the other hand, the peaks for Pd6P, Pd4.8P and Pd3P were observed in the XRD pattern of the Pd _ 1.5P catalyst (P/Pd 1.0) reduced at 550 .…”

Section: Palladium Phosphidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings indicate that the reduction temperature and P/Ru ratio strongly affect the formation of ruthenium phosphides, as for rhodium and palladium phosphides. After reduction at 500 , phase-pure Ru2P catalyst was prepared from the precursor using NH4H2PO2 with P/ Ru ratio of 0.6 73) . In our study, since a small Ru peak (2θ 44.1°) was detected by XRD of Ru _ P catalyst with P/Ru of 1.0 reduced at 650 , phase-pure Ru2P was not obtained, possibly because phosphate was used as a P precursor, which is harder to reduce than hypophosphite, as mentioned above.…”

Section: Ruthenium Phosphidementioning

confidence: 99%

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Noble Metal Phosphides as New Hydrotreating Catalysts: Highly Active Rhodium Phosphide Catalyst

Kanda

Uemichi

2015

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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Metal phosphide has been widely investigated as a hydrotreating catalyst. The preparation and performance of noble metal phosphide catalyst was examined to develop new phosphide hydrotreating catalysts. The supports affect reducibility of phosphate as a P precursor. Since phosphate does not strongly interact with SiO2 and TiO2 supports, Rh2P was easily formed on these supports. Furthermore, formation of Rh2P enhanced the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activity of supported Rh _ P catalyst. The type of noble metal (NM) and P/NM ratio also strongly affect formation of noble metal phosphide and HDS activity. Excess P facilitates formation of noble metal phosphides at lower reduction temperature. In contrast, excess P causes the aggregation of noble metal phosphide and formation of phosphorus rich noble metal phosphide. Rh _ 1.5P/SiO2 catalyst had high and stable activity for HDS reaction. Furthermore, this catalyst showed significantly higher hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) activity than sulfided NiMoP/Al2O3 catalyst. Therefore, Rh2P has great potential as a new hydrotreating catalyst.

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Section: Palladium Phosphidementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ruthenium Phosphidementioning

confidence: 99%

Noble Metal Phosphides as New Hydrotreating Catalysts: Highly Active Rhodium Phosphide Catalyst

Kanda

Uemichi

2015

J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst.

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“…However, noble metal addition is not an appropriate method for the s ynthesis of noble metal phosphides , and added Na would decrease the catal ytic activit y. Thus, phosphite, which is more reducible than phosphate, has been used as a P precursor to form noble metal phosphides [31]. However, phosphite on an Al2O3 support is less reducible than that on other supports [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-temperature synthesis of rhodium phosphide on alumina and investigation of its catalytic activity toward the hydrodesulfurization of thiophene

Kanda

Matsukura

Sawada

et al. 2016

Applied Catalysis A: General

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In this study, the low-temperature synthesis of rhodium phosphide (Rh2P) on alumina (Al2O3) using triphenylphosphine (TPP) as a phosphorus (P) source and its catal ytic activit y toward 2 hydrodesulfurization (HDS) were investigated to prepare a highl y active HDS catal yst. TPP was more easil y reduced than phosphate, and Rh2P was formed in the P (T)/Rh/Al2O3 catal yst prepared from TTP at lower temperature as compared with the temperature required by Rh-P(A)/Al2O3 catal yst prepared from a phosphate precursor. However, after reduction at a low temperature (450 °C), excess P covered the surface of Rh2P. The optimal reduction temperature for HDS rate of the P(T)/Rh/Al 2 O3 catal yst (650 °C) was lower than that of the Rh-P(A)/Al2O3 catal yst (800 °C). Furthermore, t his temperature was slightly hig her than the optimal reduction temperature for CO uptake (600 °C). These results are explained as follows: HDS rate is increased by both elimination of excess P on the active sites at higher reduction temperature s and enhancement of the crystallinit y of Rh2P. Furthermore, because the particle size of the P(T)/Rh/Al2O3 catal yst (ca. 1.2 nm) was substantiall y smaller than that of the Rh-P(A)/Al2O3 catal yst, the P(T)/Rh/Al2O3 catal yst exhibited greater HDS rate compared with the Rh-P(A)/Al2O3 catal yst.

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“…Bowker et al [41] prepared first RuO 4 and PdO on SiO 2 , which is then impregnated with NH 4 H 2 PO 2 and heated to 700 • C under a H 2 atmosphere for the formation of the phosphides. By changing the phosphorus to metal ratio during the preparation, the phosphides RuP or Ru 2 P and Pd 5 P 2 or Pd 3 P can be prepared.…”

Section: Synthetic Pathways To Supported Platinum Group Metal Phosphidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum Group Metal Phosphides as Efficient Catalysts in Hydroprocessing and Syngas-Related Catalysis

Rupflin

Boscagli²,

Schunk³

2018

Catalysts

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Platinum group metal phosphides are reviewed as catalytic materials for hydroprocessing and syngas-related catalysis. Starting from synthetic procedures leading to highly disperse nano-particular compounds, their properties in the applications are discussed and compared with relevant benchmarks, if available. Regarding their mode of action, two confronting mechanistic scenarios are presented: (i) a cooperative scenario in which catalytic sites of different functionalities are active in hydroprocessing and (ii) single site catalysis, which appears to be the relevant mode of action in syngas-related catalysis and which occurs over "frustrated" active sites.

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Synthesis and Hydrodesulfurization Properties of Noble Metal Phosphides: Ruthenium and Palladium

Cited by 47 publications

References 32 publications

Noble Metal Phosphides as New Hydrotreating Catalysts: Highly Active Rhodium Phosphide Catalyst

Noble Metal Phosphides as New Hydrotreating Catalysts: Highly Active Rhodium Phosphide Catalyst

Low-temperature synthesis of rhodium phosphide on alumina and investigation of its catalytic activity toward the hydrodesulfurization of thiophene

Platinum Group Metal Phosphides as Efficient Catalysts in Hydroprocessing and Syngas-Related Catalysis

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