“…12,14,17 During the synthesis of PQDs, long-chain deprotonated oleic acid (oleate anion, OA À ) and protonated oleylamine (oleylammonium cation, OAm + ) ligands are generally applied to substitute the X-and Cs-site vacancies at the PQD surface, respectively, to maintain the colloidal stability of PQDs. 18,19 Meanwhile, these ligands are of great importance in stabilizing the black phase of PQDs because they can terminate the growth of perovskite grains, leading to the negative surface tension of PQDs and thus a tensile surface strain. 20 The surface strain of PQDs can be more readily delivered into the bulk with the flexible ionic bonding nature, thereby ensuring the lattice regularity and photoactivity of PQDs.…”