Novel rod like phenylene thiophene based polyhydroxy amphiphiles, derivatives of gallic acid combining three hydrophilic 2,3-dihydroxypropyloxy groups and one alkyl chain via central aromatic linking units, have been synthesized by using Ni(II), Pd(0) catalyzed coupling reaction as key steps. The mesophase behavior of such compounds was investigated by POM and DSC. Thereby the influence of the position of the alkyl chains on the mesophase behavior was discussed. All such compounds exhibit smectic A phases. As the alkyl chain moving from the terminal position to the lateral position near the central of the rigid core, the stability of the smectic A phase would be decreased.