Synthesis and performance evaluation of hydrocracking catalysts: A review

Saab, Roba; Polychronopoulou, Kyriaki; Zheng, Lianxi; Kumar, Shan; Schiffer, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.jiec.2020.06.022

Cited by 96 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 170 publications

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“…Other compounds present in lesser amounts were C 9+ -alkylbenzenes (C 9+ ALB) being 7, 10, and 10% in the same order. In this case, not only the bimetallic presence was superior in the BTX production than the monometallic catalyst [12,14], but also the support type (Beta-1 versus Beta-2) mattered, having the former higher Brønsted, Lewis, and total acidities.…”

Section: Effect Of the Metal And Contentmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…As in their previous works [16,17] the main product was not BTX but heavy compounds (HH), present in amounts of approximately 25 and 23% respectively, while the tetralin conversion was 50 and 45%, in the same order. Apparently, the inherent similarity of microporous structures generates similar catalytic activities [12]. Recently, Oh et al [20] published the results of the hydrocracking of tetralin using molybdenum ( They studied these catalysts using tetralin as a model compound to observe the effect of mesoporosity in the hydrocracking process at the following experimental conditions: 450 °C, WHSV = 2.0 h −1 , total pressure = 6 MPa, H 2 / feed = 1972 mL/mL.…”

Section: Effect Of the Support Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, it is well known [1,2,10] that catalysts play a key role in the hydrogenation (partial saturation) of naphthalene followed by the selective cracking of naphthenic structures, producing one-ring-aromatic hydrocarbons with alkyl chains. For this purpose, bifunctional catalysts with acid (support) and metal (hydrogenation-dehydrogenation) functions are frequently used [11,12]. However, an excess of hydrogenation activity, and strong acidity may crack molecules excessively into light gaseous hydrocarbons and accelerate coke deposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this sense, hydrocracking catalysts with metal (groups VI and VIII) sulfides perform, in general, the hydrodehydrogenation, and hydrocracking of heavy oil feedstocks. For this reason, metallic-sulfide-supported catalysts are considered more effective materials than metals [12,13]. Another key parameter that may influence the activity of bimetallic over the corresponding monometallic catalyst is the ratio of the constituents' metals (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zeolites are widely preferred over other supports because of their stronger acidity, higher thermal, and hydro-thermal stability, higher resistance to sulfur and nitrogen compounds, reduced coke production tendency and higher regeneration capability [12]. Additionally, the porosity of zeolites allows their unique shape selectivity characteristic, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the catalyst in the BTX production by hydrocracking of light cycle oil

et al. 2021

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Catalysts to produce the important petrochemicals like benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) from refinery feedstocks, like light cycle oil (LCO) are reviewed here by covering published papers using model mixtures and real feeds. Model compounds experiments like tetralin and naphthalene derivatives provided a 53–55% total BTX yield. Higher yields were never attained due to the inevitable gas formation and other C9+-alkylbenzenes formed. For tetralin, the best catalysts are those conformed by Ni, CoMo, NiMo, or NiSn over zeolite H-Beta. For naphthalene derivatives, the best catalysts were those conformed by W and NiW over zeolite H-Beta silylated. Real feeds produced a total BTX yield of up to 35% at the best experimental conditions. Higher yields were never reached due to the presence of other types of hydrocarbons in the feed which can compete for the catalytic sites. The best catalysts were those conformed by Mo, CoMo, or NiMo over zeolite H-Beta. Some improvements were obtained by adding ZSM-5 to the support or in mixtures with other catalysts.

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Section: Effect Of the Metal And Contentmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Effect Of the Support Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of the catalyst in the BTX production by hydrocracking of light cycle oil

et al. 2021

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Hydrocracking of non‐edible vegetable oil and waste cooking oils for the production of light hydrocarbon fuels: A review

Ratshoshi,

Mukaya,

Nkazi

2024

Can J Chem Eng

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The high demand for biofuels by surfacing economies with environmental issues has resulted in a more in‐depth search for new biofuel feedstocks. Non‐edible oils have become the centre of investigation as biofuel feedstocks since they do not compete with food sources. This review evaluates hydrocracking as a biofuel production method and further elucidates different feedstocks, the effects of hydrocracking catalysts, and operating parameters to obtain optimum yields and selectivity of desired products. The bifunctional catalyst mechanism is also explained. The hydrocracking technique is found to be more advantageous than other biofuel production techniques such as transesterification and pyrolysis due to its ability to produce valuable products of better quality and with higher yields. Coke formation is one of the challenges faced by hydrocracking despite that it can be reduced by high hydrogen pressure; this will increase the cost of the entire process.

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Multi‐Pathways for Sustainable Fuel Production from Biomass Using Zirconium‐Based Catalysts: A Comprehensive Review

Purnama,

Trisunaryanti,

Wijaya

et al. 2023

Energy Tech

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Numerous concerns, including environmental impact and public health issues, drive the urgent need to replace nonrenewable fossil fuels with renewable energy sources, with biomass emerging as a viable alternative globally. In this comprehensive review, the urgent need to transition from nonrenewable fossil fuels to renewable energy sources is addressed, focusing on biomass as a global alternative. It examines the role of zirconium‐based catalysts in converting biomass into biofuels and hydrogen. Various biomass extraction methods based on the thermochemical processes (pyrolysis, gasification, hydrothermal liquefaction, hydrocracking, and steam reforming) are explored, including their merits and limitations. Additionally, the properties of zirconium‐based catalysts and their catalytic efficiency in biomass conversion are assessed, highlighting the factors influencing their performance. In this literature review, the promising potential of zirconium‐based catalysts in enhancing the sustainability and efficiency of global biofuel production from biomass is revealed. It underscores the critical role of biomass as a renewable energy source and highlights the significance of zirconium‐based catalysts in advancing sustainable biofuel production. It offers insights into addressing environmental concerns, promoting public health, and supporting the global transition toward renewable energy solutions.

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Synthesis and performance evaluation of hydrocracking catalysts: A review

Cited by 96 publications

References 170 publications

Effect of the catalyst in the BTX production by hydrocracking of light cycle oil

Effect of the catalyst in the BTX production by hydrocracking of light cycle oil

Hydrocracking of non‐edible vegetable oil and waste cooking oils for the production of light hydrocarbon fuels: A review

Multi‐Pathways for Sustainable Fuel Production from Biomass Using Zirconium‐Based Catalysts: A Comprehensive Review

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