Synthesis and performance of a novel nitrogen‐containing cyclic phosphate for intumescent flame retardant and its application in epoxy resin

You, Guoxiang; Cheng, Zhiquan; Peng, Hao; He, Hongwu

doi:10.1002/app.41859

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…[15][16][17][18] The P-containing group can act both in the gas phase and in the condensed phase (via char formation) at the same time, and the N-containing group can release inert gases to dilute oxygen and facilitate the expansion of char layer during the combustion. [19][20][21] Therefore, it is desirable to use this synergistic approach to reduce the amount of flame retardants for obtaining the excellent flame retarded epoxy materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intumescent flame retardancy of a DGEBA epoxy resin based on 5,10-dihydro-phenophosphazine-10-oxide

et al. 2015

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5,10-Dihydro-phenophosphazine-10-oxide(DPPA) served as a co-curing agent of 4, 4'-diaminodiphenylmethane for the curing reaction of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) epoxy resin (EP). 1 H NHR spectrum tracking the reaction process of DPPA with DGEBA revealed that P-H bond of DPPA had the higher reactivity than its N-H bond for reacting with epoxy group. DPPA could promote the curing reaction of DDM with DGEBA. DPPA endowed epoxy resin with high flameretardant efficiency due to the unique combination of phosphorus and nitrogen in the phenophosphazine ring. The cured epoxy resin could pass V-0 rating of UL-94 test with limiting oxgen index (LOI) of 33.6% at only 2.5 wt% DPPA. The reduced peak heat release rate and total heat release, and increased char yield further verified the excellent flame retardancy for EP. Flame-retardant mechanism of the epoxy resin was investigated by thermogravimetry-fourier transform infrared spectrometry (TG-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy, element analysis and FTIR spectrometry. The results indicated that DPPA catalyzed epoxy resin matrix to form the rigid intumescent char and to generate the blowing-out effect.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intumescent flame retardancy of a DGEBA epoxy resin based on 5,10-dihydro-phenophosphazine-10-oxide

et al. 2015

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“…After being cured, the fabrics were soaked in deionized water for 10 h and then dried at 80 °C for 15 min. The process of washing and weighing of the fabric samples was repeated two or three times …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, many inorganic retardants have poor compatibility with resins and adversely affect the mechanical, electrical and processing properties of epoxy thermosets. Thus they as flame retardants are usually needed larger dosage that limits their application scope . Phosphorus‐containing compounds have also been recognized as one of the most efficient flame retardants, which have excellent fire retardancy and low toxic gas evolution during combustion compared with halogen‐containing ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus they as flame retardants are usually needed larger dosage that limits their application scope . Phosphorus‐containing compounds have also been recognized as one of the most efficient flame retardants, which have excellent fire retardancy and low toxic gas evolution during combustion compared with halogen‐containing ones. During the combustion process, phosphorus‐based compounds work in either a vapor phase by diluting combustible gases or a condensed phase by synergistically promoting the phosphorylation on cotton fabrics and enhancing the formation of a protective char …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of a melamine‐cyclotriphosphazene derivative and its application as flame retardant on cotton gauze

Yao

Yang

et al. 2016

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The halogen-free flame retardance of natural fiber is an everlasting challenge due to the well-known poor solubility of phosphazene in water. In this case, a new cyclotriphosphazene derivative (MCP) was synthesized. It was etherized hexamethylolmelamine (HMMM) and hexachloro-cyclotriphosphazene (HCCP) by one pot reaction. It was characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, 31 P NMR, FT-IR, TGA, SEM, limited oxygen index (LOI) and vertical flame testing. The MCP has good solubility in water and thermosetting MCP has compact structure which can expand several times after burning. Cotton gauze was soaked in six different concentration of aqueous solutions of MCP (0 wt %, 5 wt %, 10 wt %, 15 wt %, 20 wt % and 25 wt %, respectively) to obtain the flame retardant cloth. The cloth was soaked in 20 wt % MCP solution had higher char yield and LOI. They had no any afterflame and afterglow, and gauze 2-gauze 5 cannot be burned out in 12s ignition time.

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“…e DPTof the gluten resin increased at higher ZC except for sesame oil at 3% ZC. erefore, samples with lower DPT could be described as low in crosslinking density and high free volume by virtue of low ZC content [22,23]. Sesame oil resin exhibited the lowest ON and DPT compared to the other oils which could be attributed to the presence of excess volatiles or low-molecular-weight fragment generated during crosslinking.…”

Section: Onset and Peak Temperature Of Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Degradation and Water Uptake of Biodegradable Resin Prepared from Millet Flour and Wheat Gluten Crosslinked with Epoxydized Vegetable Oils

Mohamed

Hussain

Alamri

et al. 2019

Journal of Chemistry

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The degradation temperatures (DTs), heat stability (IPDT), degradation kinetics, and water uptake of epoxy resin were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. Epoxy resins were prepared by crosslinking epoxydized oils with vital wheat gluten (VG) and millet flour. The reactions included three oils (cottonseed, sesame, and sunflower) and three levels of zinc chloride (ZC) (1, 2, and 3%). The apparent activation energy (Ea) was calculated using the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method. The DT increased at higher heating rates within the same ZC level of the same oil type. Cottonseed oil exhibited the highest DT. The highest IPDT was 637°C of the sunflower oil/millet resin (3% ZC), and the least was the cottonseed/millet (1% ZC) at 479°C. The sesame-millet resin exhibited the highest Ea (622 KJ/mol) followed by sunflower-gluten (496 KJ/mol) and sesame-gluten (454 KJ/mol). The profiles of all resins point to a multistep degradation, but some of the profiles display two dominant kinetic processes, and the remaining resins showed three processes. The variation in crosslinking density between the oils is attributable to the different amounts of oxirane rings which are associated with the double bonds of the fatty acid of the oils. Like other parameters, the water uptake was affected by the ZC content, where most of the resins did not reach water uptake equilibrium. Nonetheless, the 3% ZC resin reached equilibrium after 5 days of immersion.

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Synthesis and performance of a novel nitrogen‐containing cyclic phosphate for intumescent flame retardant and its application in epoxy resin

Cited by 21 publications

References 25 publications

Intumescent flame retardancy of a DGEBA epoxy resin based on 5,10-dihydro-phenophosphazine-10-oxide

Intumescent flame retardancy of a DGEBA epoxy resin based on 5,10-dihydro-phenophosphazine-10-oxide

Synthesis of a melamine‐cyclotriphosphazene derivative and its application as flame retardant on cotton gauze

Thermal Degradation and Water Uptake of Biodegradable Resin Prepared from Millet Flour and Wheat Gluten Crosslinked with Epoxydized Vegetable Oils

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