The objective of this study was to investigate brine shrimp cytotoxicity, larvicidal, nematicidal, and antifeedant activities of novel piperidin-connected 2-thioxo-imidazolidin-4-one derivatives. The activities of target compounds were compared with some naturally occurring (−)-pinidinol, hydantocidin, and positive controls. Target compounds were synthesized via cyclocondensation method. The compounds were synthesized and then characterized by infrared spectroscopy,
1
H NMR,
13
C NMR, mass spectral, and elemental analyses. Brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay was investigated using freshly hatched, free-swimming nauplii of
Artemiasalina
. Larvicidal screening was performed against urban mosquito larvae (
Culex quinquefasciatus
). Nematicidal activity was evaluated using
juvenile
nematodes of
Meloidogyne javanica
. Regarding antifeedant activity, marine-acclimated
Oreochromis mossambicus
fingerlings were used. Compounds
3a-c
(piperidin-connected 2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one) were found to be lethal to the second instar larvae of mosquito, which produced LD
50
values of 1.37, 6.66, 6.51 μg/mL, compared to compounds (−) pinidinol and hyantocidin LD
50
values of 18.28 and 22.11 μg/mL respectively. Compound
3a-c
was found to kill 100% of fish fingerlings within 6 h at 20 µg/mL, with LD
50
values of 1.54, 1.79, 1.52 µg/mL, compared to compounds (−) pinidinol and hyantocidin with LD
50
values of 10.21 and 21.05 μg/mL respectively. Compound
3c
with LD
50
value of 1.57 μg/mL demonstrated high nematicidal activity compared to compound
3a
,
3b
, (−) Pinidinol and Hyantocidin LD
50
values of 6.45, 2.42, 14.25, 26.30 μg/mL respectively. Therefore, the 2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one with piperidin ring showed high potential cytotoxic, larvicidal, nematicidal, and antifeedent activities.