“…Similarly, E. Padmini et al [26] in their work had successfully fabricated the vanadium-cerium doped TiO 2 NPs with exceptionally superior photocatalytic activity. Moreover, the other ions like cobalt [27], iron [28], carbon [29,30], sulfur [31] and zinc [32] also seem to fairly benefit for transforming the preference of pristine TiO 2 particles into the visible light significantly. Furthermore, another effective approach to improve the photocatalytic efficiency is to form the functional heterostructure by purposely depositing a small number of noble metal nanoparticles onto the TiO 2 surface and hence help to increasing the light absorption efficiency and sensitivity at the higher wavelength to some extent.…”