Synthesis and physicochemical study of bisphenol‐C‐formaldehyde‐toluene diisocyanate polyurethane–jute and jute–rice husk/wheat husk composites

Abstract

Bisphenol-C-formaldehyde-toluene-2,4-di isocyanate polyurethane (PU) has been synthesized at room temperature and used for the fabrication of jute and jute-rice husk/wheat husk hybrid composites. PU-jute and PU-jute-RH/WH composites were prepared under pressure of 30.4 MPa at room temperature for 8 h, while PU-jute-RH/WH composites were prepared under same pressure at 110°C for 5 h. PU-jute composite has good tensile strength and flexural strength (50 -53 MPa), while PU-jute-RH/WH hybrid composites have moderate tensile strength (9 -11 MPa) and a fairly good flexural strength (15-31 MPa). Composites possess 1.1-2.2 kV electric strength and 0.94 -1.26 ϫ 10 12 ohm cm volume resistivity. Water absorption in PU-jute composite is different in water (9.75%), 10% HCl (12.14%), and 10% NaCl (6.05%). Equilibrium water uptake time in salt environment is observed 96 h, while in pure water and acidic environments it is 192 h. In boiling water equilibrium water content and equilibrium time are found to be 21.7% and 3 h, respectively. Water absorption increased 2.2 times in boiling water, whereas equilibrium time reduced 64 times. Thus, PU-jute composite has excellent hydrolytic stability against boiling water, 10% HCl, and 10% NaCl solutions. Fairly good mechanical and electrical properties and excellent hydrolytic stability of composites signify their usefulness for low cost housing units and in electrical and marine industries.

Use of chitosan for removal of bisphenol A and bisphenol derivatives through tyrosinase‐catalyzed quinone oxidation

“…When waste plastics produced form BPA are buried in a landfill, a hydrolytic or leaching process may occur to release BPA to the leachate. [14][15][16] Recently the bisphenol derivatives such as bisphenol B (BPB), 17 bisphenol C (BPC), [18][19][20][21] bisphenol E (BPE), 22,23 bisphenol F (BPF), [24][25][26] bisphenol O (BPO), 27 bisphenol S (BPS), [28][29][30] bisphenol T (BPT), 31,32 and bisphenol Z (BPZ) 33,34 shown in Figure 1 have come into wide use for synthesis of specialized epoxy and polycarbonate resins with more high-performance compared with ordinary ones. Although these bisphenol derivatives have two phenol groups in common, the chemical structure between phenol groups is different.…”

Soybean peroxidase‐catalyzed treatment and removal of BPA and bisphenol derivatives from aqueous solutions

“…BPB, BPF, BPO, and BPT were effectively treated at much lower SBP concentrations than BPA. In addition, BPE and 2,4 0 -dihydroxydiphenylmethane (2,4 0 -DHDPM) were completely treated at the optimum SBP concentration determined for treatment of BPA. On the other hand, although SBP had a relatively low enzymatic activity toward diphenolic acid, 2,4 0 -dihydroxybenzophenone (2,4 0 -DHBP), and 4,4 0 -dihydroxybenzophenone (4,4 0 -DHBP), these three kinds of bisphenol derivatives were effectively treated by increasing the SBP concentration up to 1.0 U/cm 3 .…”

“…Recently, the bisphenol derivatives such as bisphenol B (BPB) [3], bisphenol C (BPC) [4], bisphenol E (BPE) [5], bisphenol F (BPF) [6], bisphenol O (BPO) [7], bisphenol S (BPS) [8], bisphenol T (BPT) [9], and bisphenol Z (BPZ) [10] shown in Figure 1 have come into wide use for synthesis of specialized epoxy and polycarbonate resins with more high-performance compared with ordinary ones. Although these bisphe-nol derivatives have two phenol groups in common, the chemical structure between phenol groups is different.…”

Studies on Bismaleamic Acids Cured Tetrafunctional Epoxy Resin of Bisphenol‐C and Glass‐Epoxy Composites

“…[31][32][33][34][35][36] are mainly governed by the type of reinforcement, matrix, and interfacial bond strength. The degradation may result in the formation of free radicals, which may further undergo recombination and degrade at high temperatures.…”