Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Environmental Epoxidized Glycidyl Ester of Ricinoleic Acetic Ester Plasticizer for Poly(vinyl chloride)

Chen, Jie; Li, Ke; Wang, Yigang; Huang, Jinrui; Nie, Xiaoan; Jiang, Jianchun

doi:10.3390/polym9120640

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The purpose of adding a plasticizer to PVC is to lower its glass transition temperature ( T g ), and lower T g values of PVC films mean better plasticizing efficiency of the plasticizer. , In this section, the variation in T g of the PVC samples was investigated using DMA tests. The DMA curves are shown in Figures S5 and S6, and the resulting T g values are reported in Figure and Table S2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vanillic Acid as a New Skeleton for Formulating a Biobased Plasticizer

Zhu

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Vanillic acid (VA), an abundant renewable biomaterial derived from lignin, has been employed as a new building skeleton to formulate esters. These esters with different alkyl chains (VA4-Cn) were synthesized, characterized, and used as plasticizers for phthalate-free flexible poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Miscibility analysis reveals that VA4-Cn exhibits good miscibility with PVC and that the length of the alkyl chains of VA4-Cn is the key factor for improving its miscibility. The PVC blends of esters derived from vanillic acid display flexibility and stretchability comparable to or better than those of the PVC blend of dioctyl phthalate (DOP). In particular, PVC/VA4-C1 has a 55% higher elongation at break than PVC/DOP. The thermal stability of PVC/ VA4-Cn blends and plasticizer volatility and thermal stability are improved by increasing the alkyl chain length, which may be explained by an increase in the molecular weight. However, the leaching in n-hexane increases with increasing alkyl chain length due to the increased nonpolarity of the plasticizer. Nevertheless, in terms of glass transition temperature reduction, VA4-Cn demonstrated a plasticizing performance that was comparable to or better than that of DOP. In particular, good plasticization was achieved when VA4-C1 was used. The plasticizing effect is excellent without any phase separation at high concentrations. These results suggest that VA4-Cn has great potential as a biobased alternative to traditional phthalate plasticizers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vanillic Acid as a New Skeleton for Formulating a Biobased Plasticizer

Zhu

et al. 2021

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…A typical example of a bioplasticizer that is commonly used in industrial practice is epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO). The raw material for its production is easily available, biodegradable, and has a relatively low price [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ]. Another important group of bioplasticizers is esters [ 29 ], including citric acid esters [ 20 , 24 , 30 , 31 ], succinic acid esters [ 9 , 12 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], lactic acid esters [ 37 , 38 , 39 ], fatty acid esters [ 40 , 41 , 42 ], glycerol esters [ 43 ] or isosorbide esters [ 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective, Environmentally Friendly PVC Plasticizers Based on Succinic Acid

et al. 2022

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The plasticizers used in this study were synthesized from renewable raw materials using succinic acid, oleic acid, and propylene glycol. Four environmentally friendly plasticizer samples were obtained; their chemical structures and compositions were confirmed by gas chromatography (GC) and infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR) analyses, and their physicochemical properties and thermal stability (TGA analysis) were investigated. The obtained ester mixtures were used as poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plasticizers and their plasticization efficiency was determined in comparison to traditional, commercially available phthalate plasticizers, such as DEHP (di(2-ethylhexyl phthalate) and DINP (diisononyl phthalate). Mechanical properties and migration resistance were determined for soft PVC with the use of three concentrations of plasticizers (40 PHR, 50 PHR, and 60 PHR). It was observed that the obtained plasticizers exhibited the same plasticization efficiency and were characterized with good mechanical and physical properties in comparison to commercial plasticizers. The tensile strength was approx. 19 MPa, while the elongation at break was approx. 250% for all tested plasticizers at a concentration of 50 PHR. Furthermore, plasticizer migration studies showed that the synthesized plasticizers had excellent resistance to plasticizer leaching. The best migration test result obtained was 70% lower than that for DEHP or DINP. The ester mixture that was found to be the most favorable plasticizer was characterized by good thermal and thermo-oxidative stability (5% weight loss temperature: 227.8 °C in air and 261.1 °C in nitrogen). The results of the research clearly indicate that the synthesized esters can provide a green alternative to toxic phthalate plasticizers.

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“…The generally used plasticizers are diesters of the phthalic acid, and also known as phthalates, which are produced in several million tons per year. 12 Figure 1, demonstrated the global utilization of plasticizers in the market. 13 Currently, 500 types of plasticizers have been industrialized and phthalate is most extensively employed plasticizers (e.g., dioctyl phthalate; DOP) for PVC and covers more than 80% of the overall plasticizer utilization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments of Biobased Plasticizers and Their Effect on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride): A Review

Kumar

2019

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

114

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Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) has been extensively utilized globally, with various applications in construction, piping, wiring and cable, installation, flooring, nonfood packing, windows, doors, and more. Phthalates have been the most commonly employed plasticizers for PVC, but some of these plasticizers demonstrate many toxic effects on the environment and human beings, which consequently limits the use of phthalate plasticizers. Growing awareness of the effects of plasticizers on the environment and the depletion of petroleum-based resources has made the development of an alternative biobased plasticizer for PVC formulation necessary. Recently, there has been an increased consciousness of the use of natural resource-based plasticizers instead of phthalates in PVC production, because they are eco-friendly in nature. This review paper covers the utilization of traditional and biobased plasticizers for PVC plasticization, and their effect on environmental, mechanical, and thermal properties has been reported.

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Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Environmental Epoxidized Glycidyl Ester of Ricinoleic Acetic Ester Plasticizer for Poly(vinyl chloride)

Cited by 37 publications

References 36 publications

Vanillic Acid as a New Skeleton for Formulating a Biobased Plasticizer

Vanillic Acid as a New Skeleton for Formulating a Biobased Plasticizer

Effective, Environmentally Friendly PVC Plasticizers Based on Succinic Acid

Recent Developments of Biobased Plasticizers and Their Effect on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride): A Review

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