Synthesis and properties of anion exchange membranes with dense multi-cations and flexible side chains for water electrolysis

Recent progress in anion exchange membranes (AEMs) in water electrolysis: synthesis, physio-chemical analysis, properties, and applications

“…A study evaluated a partially-uorinated PAES membrane (e.g., PAES-MQA-0.18) with extremely exible side chains and numerous QAs for water electrolysis at two different NaOH molarities (1 and 2 M). 356 The AEMs of such types exhibit higher performance because of their strong ionic conductivity (125.5 mS cm −2 ). As a result, the membrane produced a high current density (1.12 A cm −2 ) at a voltage of 2.0 V while operating in a 2 M NaOH electrolyte at 30 °C.…”

Development of highly conductive anion exchange membranes based on crosslinked PIM-SEBS with high free volume

“…7c, Tables S4 and S5 †). 12,20,21,51,56,[64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74] An absolute comparison of their AEMWE cell performance and durability may not be appropriate because the test conditions vary widely. Nevertheless, 30x-PIM-SEBS has a comparable or better performance (1.905 A cm −2 at 2.0 V) and durability (∼65 h, 0.2 A cm −2 ) than many other AEMs.…”

Polycarbazole-SEBS-crosslinked AEMs based on two spacer polymers for high-performance AEMWE

“…This improvement was attributed to the increased number of ion-conducting head groups within each chain. 9–11 Other strategies to achieve improved ionic conductivity through phase separation include the introduction of multiblock copolymers, 12,13 the incorporation of fluorinated substituents, 14–16 and the use of spacer-type ion-conducting head groups. 11,17,18…”

“…This improvement was attributed to the increased number of ion-conducting head groups within each chain. [9][10][11] Other strategies to achieve improved ionic conductivity through phase separation include the introduction of multiblock copolymers, 12,13 the incorporation of uorinated substituents, [14][15][16] and the use of spacer-type ion-conducting head groups. 11,17,18 Among these strategies, spacer-type AEMs, in which the main polymer backbone is linked to ion-conducting head groups through long alkyl chains, demonstrate well-developed continuous ion channels due to the robust connection between the ion-conducting head groups with enhanced exibility compared to main chain-type AEMs, in which ionconducting head groups are directly xed on the polymer backbone.…”