Synthesis and Properties of Biobased Multiblock Polyesters Containing Poly(2,5-furandimethylene succinate) and Poly(butylene succinate) Blocks

Abstract

Novel biobased multiblock polyesters poly­(2,5-furandimethylene succinate)-b-poly­(butylene succinate) (PFS-PBS) containing PFS and PBS blocks were synthesized in a full composition range via chain-extension reaction of dihydroxyl terminated poly­(2,5-furandimethylene succinate) (HO-PFS-OH) and poly­(butylene succinate) (HO-PBS-OH) prepolymers. High molecular weight polyesters were obtained, and the stability of double bonds in 2,5-bis­(hydroxymethyl)­furan was guaranteed via this preparation procedure. The obtained copolyesters were characterized with 1H NMR, gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, polarized optical microscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and the mechanical properties were also investigated. No transesterfication reaction happened during chain-extension reaction, and the expected multiblock chemical structure was obtained. The PBS block is crystallizable, while the PFS block is nearly amorphous. Crystallization temperature and degree of crystallinity gradually decreased with increasing PFS fraction, but the melting temperature of crystalline samples showed no sharp reduction (109.4–105.2 °C). The crystallization rate also decreased with incorporation of PFS during isothermal crystallization, but the crystallization mechanism remained unchanged at any composition. Finally, the PFS-PBS copolyesters exhibit widely tunable mechanical properties, ranging from semicrystalline thermoplastics to amorphous soft elastomer-like polymers.

Biomass‐derived furanic polycarbonates: Mild synthesis and control of the glass transition temperature

“…Representative HMF‐derived polymer platforms are 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF). FDCA has been used as a substitute for petrochemical‐derived terephthalic acid and for fabricating sustainable polyesters, whereas BHMF has been used for fabricating eco‐friendly polyesters . However, to date, polycarbonates (PCs) have still not been synthesized directly from HMF derivatives.…”

“…FDCA has been used as a substitute for petrochemical-derived terephthalic acid and for fabricating sustainable polyesters, 6,7 whereas BHMF has been used for fabricating eco-friendly polyesters. 8,9 However, to date, polycarbonates (PCs) have still not been synthesized directly from HMF derivatives. Only a few examples of "copolymers," partially incorporating BHMF, have been reported.…”

Common Nettle (Urtica dioica L.) as an Active Filler of Natural Rubber Biocomposites

“…Several advantages resulting from the properties of polymeric materials, such as high chemical and thermal resistance, high mechanical strength, barrier properties [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ] with the simultaneous ease of processing and forming and a lightness of the products has led to the increasing use of plastics and rubber. As the environmental problems associated with the use of non-renewable polymers sources have not been eliminated, many scientists have focused on alternative solutions that can provide materials with similar properties, but of natural origin [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. These works are aimed at full or partial replacement synthetic materials with natural ones and consequently reducing the use of the production of plastics or rubber.…”

Effective Biobased Phosphorus Flame Retardants from Starch-Derived bis-2,5-(Hydroxymethyl)Furan

“…Glucose, and other carbohydrates, may also serve as a source of bis-2,5-(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF). This difunctional alcohol has been used for the production of poly(ester)s [53][54][55][56] and plasticizers [57]. In this case, it was converted to the corresponding diacrylate.…”