Abstract:In 2012, we discovered new layered superconductors whose superconducting states emerge in the BiS 2 layers. Since their crystal structure, composed of alternate stacks of BiS 2 conduction layers and electrically insulating (blocking) layers, is similar to those of cuprate and Fe-based superconductors, many researchers have explored new BiS 2 -based superconductors and have studied the physical and chemical properties of the BiS 2 -based superconductors. In this paper, we present the histories of the discovery of the first BiS 2 -based superconductor, Bi 4 O 4 S 3 , and the second one, LaO 1−x F x BiS 2 . The structural variation of the BiS 2 -based superconductor family is briefly introduced. Then, we show the material design concept for the emergence of bulk superconductivity in BiS 2 -based compounds. At the end, a possible strategy for the enhancement of the transition temperature in the BiS 2 -based superconductors is proposed. . Those layered superconductors have a layered structure composed of alternate stacks of conducting (superconducting) and insulating (blocking) layers. The FeAs layer and CuO 2 plane are the essential structures for the emergence of superconductivity in Fe-based and cuprate superconductors, respectively. Namely, by utilizing the structural flexibility, new superconductors with various stacking structures could be designed by changing the blocking layer and/or the thickness of the superconducting planes. Therefore, I aimed to discover a new layered superconductor with a new type of superconducting layer other than the FeAs layer and CuO 2 plane.To discover new layered superconductors, experience in the material design of the Fe-based superconductor family is very useful. A typical crystal structure of the Fe-based superconductor is the ZrSiCuAs-type (P4/nmm) structure, for example LaOFeAs [1]. As shown in Figure 1a, the crystal structure of LaOFeAs is composed of the FeAs superconducting layer and the LaO blocking layer. Among layered compounds, the ZrSiCuAs-type structure is one of the typical structures. For example, BiOCuSe, whose structure is composed of a CuSe conducting layer and a BiO blocking layer, is a famous thermoelectric material [4]. When substituting the CuSe layer of BiOCuSe with a CuS layer, we obtain BiOCuS with the ZrSiCuAs-type structure.